<![CDATA[Background: Orchitis is an inflammatory condition of the testicular tissue that may result from bacterial infection, trauma, or immune mediated processes and is characterized by swelling, pain, and structural alterations of the testes. Reports of orchitis in small rodents, including pet hamsters, are limited, and diagnostic approaches can be challenging because of their small size. Early and accurate diagnosis is essential to prevent progressive tissue damage and potential impairment of reproductive function. Purpose: Orchitis in hamsters is rarely reported; this case report aims to describe the clinical presentation and cytological findings of orchitis in a hamster and to highlight the diagnostic value of cytology in clinical practice. Case (s): Male hamster presenting with testicular swelling accompanied by purulent discharge. Clinical examination revealed enlargement of the testicular region and signs of inflammation, indicating a suspected inflammatory condition affecting the reproductive organ. Case Management: Fine needle aspiration (FNA) was performed, and cytological samples were stained using the Romanowsky method. Tn. Conclusion: Cytology revealed a predominance of degenerative neutrophils, and no neoplastic cells were found. Several neutrophils exhibited degenerative changes characterized by nuclear swelling and decreased chromatin condensation. Clinical improvement was evident within one week, with reduced swelling. Case was diagnosed as suppurative orchitis based on clinical and cytological findings. Case highlights the value of cytological examination as a rapid, minimally invasive diagnostic tool for testicular inflammation in small mammals, facilitating early diagnosis and appropriate therapeutic intervention. Particularly in settings with limited access to advanced diagnostic modalities.]]>
