<![CDATA[This study examines the short-run and long-run relationships between Jakarta Composite Index (JCI) volatility, macroeconomic factors, and the frequency of Initial Public Offerings (IPOs) in Indonesia over the period 1995–2024. Using 30 annual observations from the Indonesia Stock Exchange, Investing.com, and the World Bank, the study applies the Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) model and Error Correction Model (ECM). The results indicate that JCI volatility and inflation have significant negative long-run relationships with IPO frequency, while the crisis dummy has a significant positive relationship. In contrast, the long-run coefficients for the CBOE Volatility Index (VIX) and JCI returns are not statistically significant. In the short run, changes in JCI volatility are positively and significantly associated with IPO frequency, whereas changes in the crisis dummy are negatively and significantly associated with IPO frequency. Changes in the VIX show negative associations, with the contemporaneous coefficient significant at the 10% level and the lagged coefficient significant at the 5% level. Changes in JCI returns do not show a statistically significant relationship with IPO frequency. The error correction term is negative and statistically significant, indicating an adjustment toward the estimated long-run equilibrium. Overall, the findings suggest that the relationships between market conditions and IPO frequency differ between the short and long run. However, the results should be interpreted in light of the limited annual observations and the operational definition of the crisis dummy.]]>
