Imron Hamzah bin Syuhud
Al-Ahgaff University

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Between Efficiency and Sustainability: Debottlenecking, FDI Screening, and ESG Integration in Indonesia, the European Union, and the AfCFTA Hisyam bin Hamid Albandiyi; Bakari Arabi; Imron Hamzah bin Syuhud; Padhol bin Tukimin bin Sandari bin Kartawi; Moh. Imam Jalmo Panuntun bin Abdullah; Adamu Abubakar Muhammad
VARIA HUKUM Vol. 8 No. 1 (2026): VARIA HUKUM: Jurnal Forum Studi Hukum dan Kemasyarakatan
Publisher : Law Studies Program, Sharia and Law Faculty, Sunan Gunung Djati Islamic State University of Bandung

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15575/vh.v8i1.56450

Abstract

Sustainable investment governance has emerged as a critical imperative in contemporary international economic law, addressing regulatory fragmentation, legal uncertainty, and the integration of environmental, social, and governance (ESG) principles into investment regimes. This study examines the harmonisation of sustainable investment legal frameworks through debottlenecking mechanisms from a three-continent comparative perspective: Asia (Indonesia), Europe (the European Union), and Africa (the AfCFTA framework). Using a normative legal research methodology that draws on statutory, conceptual, and comparative approaches, the analysis evaluates primary legal instruments and secondary doctrines to assess legal coherence, regulatory efficiency, and institutional coordination. The findings reveal distinct yet convergent regional trajectories: Indonesia advances investment facilitation by streamlining regulations and strengthening institutional coordination; the European Union reinforces its framework via foreign direct investment (FDI) screening and green transition policies prioritising economic security; and Africa, under the AfCFTA, fosters a sustainability-oriented regime incorporating ESG obligations with developmental priorities. Despite normative and institutional variations, all three regions exhibit a gradual convergence toward harmonised governance. The study concludes that effective harmonisation necessitates regulatory coherence, cross-jurisdictional policy alignment, and responsive mechanisms to resolve investment bottlenecks within a sustainability-oriented legal framework.