Article Per Year (5 Year)
p-Index From 2021 - 2026
0.408
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This Author published in this journals
All Journal International Journal of Education and Social Science (IJESS)
Havizathul Hanim
Universitas Nasional, Jakarta, Indonesia
Humanities Education Law, Crime, Criminology & Criminal Justice Social Sciences Other

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When AI Becomes a Friend: AI Companions, Social Loneliness, and The Transformation of Social Relationships in The Digital Generation Havizathul Hanim; Syamsiah Badruddin; Batari Wahyu Pangesti
IJESS International Journal of Education and Social Science Vol. 7 No. 1 (2026): VOL 7 NO 1 APRIL 2026
Publisher : INTERNATIONAL PENELITI EKONOMI, SOSIAL, DAN TEKNOLOGI

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.56371/ijess.v7i1.791

Abstract

The rapid development of generative artificial intelligence has expanded digital technology from an information and productivity tool into an interactive system capable of emotional responses, conversational memory, personalization, and simulated social presence. This development has accelerated the emergence of AI companions used as conversational partners, spaces for self-disclosure, sources of emotional support, and, in some cases, virtual romantic partners. This article examines sociologically the relationship between AI companion use, social loneliness, and the transformation of social relationships among digital generations. The study employs a structured integrative literature review, thematic synthesis, and triangulation of official secondary data. Peer-reviewed studies published between 2020 and 2026 were identified through academic indexing and publisher platforms, focusing on social chatbots, human-AI relationships, loneliness, emotional attachment, social support, anthropomorphism, and psychological dependence. Contextual evidence was drawn from the World Health Organization, Statistics Indonesia, and UNICEF. The synthesis indicates that AI companions can alleviate situational loneliness through perceived responsiveness, feeling heard, constant availability, non-judgmental interaction, personalization, and self-disclosure. Yet relief from loneliness is not equivalent to stronger social integration. Risks intensify when AI moves from complementing human relationships to substituting for them through intensive attachment, anthropomorphism, weak human social support, and engagement-oriented platform design. The article proposes a Relational Substitution Threshold Model (RSTM) to explain the transition from instrumental use to emotional supplementation, relational attachment, and eventual substitution or dependence. The article's novelty lies in conceptualizing AI companions as simulated relational actors capable of reshaping norms of friendship, intimacy, reciprocity, and social capital in digital society.
Social Media as a Contested Arena of Gender Inclusion among Generation Z: Digital Activism, Identity Construction, and Platform Risks from a Sociological Perspective Muhammad Dafa Fahmi Riyadi; Syamsiah Badruddin; Havizathul Hanim
IJESS International Journal of Education and Social Science Vol. 7 No. 2 (2026): VOL 7 NO 2 OCTOBER 2026
Publisher : INTERNATIONAL PENELITI EKONOMI, SOSIAL, DAN TEKNOLOGI

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.56371/ijess.v7i2.793

Abstract

Social media occupies a central position in Generation Z’s everyday life and creates new spaces for gender learning, identity expression, solidarity, and activism. Yet digital visibility does not automatically produce substantive inclusion because platforms can also intensify stereotypes, objectification, technology-facilitated gender-based violence, and algorithmic bias. This article analyzes the sociological mechanisms through which social media simultaneously expands and constrains gender inclusion among Generation Z. The study employs an integrative literature review of 38 selected sources comprising peer-reviewed journal articles, theoretical works, and official institutional publications. The search prioritizes publications from 2020–2026 while retaining selected foundational works for conceptual framing. The synthesis identifies four interrelated dimensions of digital gender inclusion: epistemic inclusion through access to and negotiation of gender knowledge; expressive-representational inclusion through voice, visibility, and identity construction; relational-mobilizational inclusion through support networks and collective action; and protective-governance inclusion shaped by safety, moderation, literacy, and platform accountability. The findings also show that greater visibility can heighten vulnerability to harassment, misogyny, body surveillance, and algorithmic discrimination. The article develops the concept of a “visibility–vulnerability paradox” to explain why social media can operate as a space of empowerment and exclusion at the same time. The study argues that digital gender policy should move beyond access and exposure toward safe, equitable, meaningful, and sustainable participation.
Co-Authors Batari Wahyu Pangesti Muhammad Dafa Fahmi Riyadi Syamsiah Badruddin