Muhammad Amrul Irsyadi
Universitas Islam Indonesia

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ANALISIS KOMPARATIF METODE FATWA MUI DAN DAR AL-IFTA MESIR Muhammad Amrul Irsyadi; Asmuni Asmuni
Muẚṣarah: Jurnal Kajian Islam Kontemporer Vol. 5 No. 2 (2023): Desember
Publisher : UIN ANTASARI BANJARMASIN

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.18592/msr.v5i1.11505

Abstract

Abstract: This article examines the comparative methodologies employed by the Indonesian Ulema Council (Majelis Ulama Indonesia, MUI) and Egypt’s Dār al-Iftāʾ in deriving legal arguments and formulating Islamic legal rulings. These methodologies of legal deduction (istinbāṭ al-aḥkām) are subsequently examined through the analysis of contemporary fatwas. This study employs a library research method to compare the fatwa methodologies of the MUI and Egypt’s Dār al-Iftāʾ. The primary sources include the official websites of Egypt’s Dār al-Iftāʾ and the MUI, as well as books related to fatwa formulation. The comparative analysis focuses on a contemporary issue concerning the acceleration of zakat payments and the distribution of zakat to non-Muslims, as addressed in MUI Fatwa Circular No. 23 of 2020 and Egypt’s Dār al-Iftāʾ Fatwa No. 1649. The findings reveal methodological similarities between the two institutions, particularly in their examination of the opinions of classical Muslim scholars contained in the Islamic scholarly heritage (turāth). However, methodological differences emerge in the stages and procedures employed. Egypt’s Dār al-Iftāʾ applies four stages in determining rulings on contemporary issues: taṣwīr (conceptualization), takyīf (legal characterization), ḥukm (legal ruling), and iftāʾ (fatwa issuance). Meanwhile, the MUI employs collective ijtihād through several methodological approaches, including bayānī, taʿlīlī (comprising qiyāsī, istiḥsānī, and ilhāqī), istiṣlāḥī, and sadd al-dharāʾiʿ. Keywords: Fatwa; Indonesian Ulema Council (MUI); Dār al-Iftāʾ Abstrak: Artikel ini menganalisis perbandingan metodologi fatwa Majelis Ulama Indonesia (MUI) dan Dār al-Iftāʾ Mesir dalam menggali dalil dan merumuskan hukum Islam. Metodologi penggalian hukum (istinbāṭ al-aḥkām) tersebut selanjutnya dikaji melalui analisis terhadap fatwa-fatwa kontemporer. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode penelitian kepustakaan (library research) dengan pendekatan komparatif (comparative method) untuk membandingkan metodologi fatwa MUI dan Dār al-Iftāʾ Mesir. Sumber utama penelitian meliputi situs web resmi Dār al-Iftāʾ Mesir dan MUI, serta buku-buku yang berkaitan dengan formulasi fatwa. Analisis komparatif difokuskan pada isu kontemporer mengenai penyegeraan pembayaran zakat dan pendistribusian zakat kepada non-Muslim, sebagaimana dibahas dalam Edaran Fatwa MUI Nomor 23 Tahun 2020 dan Fatwa Dār al-Iftāʾ Mesir Nomor 1649. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan adanya kesamaan metodologis dalam proses penetapan fatwa oleh kedua lembaga, khususnya dalam penelusuran pendapat ulama klasik yang termuat dalam khazanah keilmuan Islam (turāth). Namun, perbedaan metodologis terlihat pada tahapan dan prosedur yang ditempuh. Dār al-Iftāʾ Mesir menerapkan empat tahapan dalam menetapkan hukum atas persoalan kontemporer, yaitu taṣwīr (konseptualisasi), takyīf (karakterisasi hukum), ḥukm (penetapan hukum), dan iftāʾ (pemberian fatwa). Sementara itu, MUI menerapkan ijtihād kolektif melalui beberapa pendekatan metodologis, yaitu bayānī, taʿlīlī (meliputi qiyāsī, istiḥsānī, dan ilhāqī), istiṣlāḥī, serta sadd al-dharāʾiʿ. Kata Kunci: