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All Journal International Journal of Reconfigurable and Embedded Systems (IJRES)
Devamekalai Nagasundaram
Universiti Sains Malaysia
Economics, Econometrics & Finance

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Heterogeneous internet of things device interoperability using fog-based adaptive semantic mechanism Devamekalai Nagasundaram; Selvakumar Manickam; Mahmood A. Al-Shareeda; Huda Mohammed Alsayednoor; Ali A. Yassin; Shankar Karuppayah
International Journal of Reconfigurable and Embedded Systems (IJRES) Vol 15, No 3: November 2026
Publisher : Institute of Advanced Engineering and Science

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.11591/ijres.v15.i3.pp819-836

Abstract

With the rapid growth of heterogeneous internet of things (IoT) ecosystems, insufficient semantic interoperability caused by non-uniform communication protocols, data formats, and semantic representations has become a core challenge in the field. Existing cloud-based, static ontology schemes have defects including high latency, large overhead, and poor adaptability. This paper proposes the dynamic semantic fog (DSF) framework, which performs semantic processing at the fog layer to achieve real-time interoperability. The framework integrates four core modules: workload offloading, resource description framework (RDF) generation, semantic representation, and adaptive ontology expansion. It supports dynamic access to newly added IoT devices. Tests were completed using iFogSim in a smart city traffic scenario. Compared with traditional cloud solutions, the framework reduces latency, energy consumption, and network usage rate by 51.7%, 41.3%, and 55.6% respectively, and can support dynamic semantic interoperability for heterogeneous IoT environments.
Co-Authors Ali A. Yassin Huda Mohammed Alsayednoor Mahmood A. Al-Shareeda Selvakumar Manickam Shankar Karuppayah