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Agus, Fahmuddin
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Soil and Carbon Conservation for Climate Change Mitigation and Enhancing Sustainability of Agricultural Development Agus, Fahmuddin
Pengembangan Inovasi Pertanian Vol 6, No 1 (2013): Maret 2013
Publisher : +622518321746

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21082/pip.v6n1.2013.23-33

Abstract

Agricultural sector is a sector which is vulnerable to climate change and a source of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. Therefore, besides the need for adaptation, agriculture has a potential to mitigate the climate change.  This paper discusses the adaptation and mitigation of agriculture to the changing climate through soil and carbon conservation. Various soil conservation technological  innovations on mineral soils potentially increase carbon stocks and subsequently improve soil physical and chemical properties and activities of living soil organisms. Conservation of peat soil basically reduces the rate of decomposition of organic matter or GHG emissions and also prolongs the lifespan of the peat. Soil and carbon conservation  aimed to answer a variety of local issues such as sustainable agriculture and global issues such as reduction of GHG emissions from agricultural land. Rehabilitation of degraded peat shrub and peat grassland  to agricultural land potentially provides significant carbon conservation and economic benefits. Evaluation of  land status, land suitability, technology readiness, financial and institutional supports are the prerequisites needed to rehabilitate the abandoned     land into productive and higher carbon storage lands.    
Environmental and Sustainability Issues of Indonesia Agriculture Agus, Fahmuddin
Jurnal Penelitian dan Pengembangan Pertanian Vol 30, No 4 (2011): Desember 2011
Publisher : Badan Penelitian dan Pengembangan Pertanian

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21082/jp3.v30n4.2011.p140-147

Abstract

Agriculture in Indonesia intensifies from the swidden to very intensive systems and expands rapidly, including tosteep slopes and peatland areas. These have implications to the environment and the system?s sustainability.Cereal and pulses-based farming systems uses moderate amount of chemicals and thus poses little threats to waterquality. However, these systems encroach into steepland accelerating erosion and depleting soil fertility. Intensivevegetable farming applies around 50 Mg/ha of barnyard manure, 300 kg/ha of N, and high rates of pesticides,posing a threat to water quality in the downstream areas. Plantation develops very rapidly, including to forest andpeatland areas. Conversion, to plantation crops, of forest (with 132?300 Mg C/ha) decreases, but of shrub (with15?40 Mg C/ha) and Imperata grassland (with < 5 Mg C/ha) increases the carbon stock to 30?50 Mg/ha. Thetraditional tree-crop-based agriculture, characterized by a mixture of several species, reduces erosion and maintainsrelatively high carbon stock and biodiversity. Lowland rice (paddy) system, currently covering around 7.9 millionha area, has been practiced sustainably for thousands of years. Despite providing food security and variousenvironmental services, this system is under tremendous pressures of conversion to industrial and settlement areas.Meanwhile, some 20 million ha peatland of Indonesia is being converted at a rate of 1.3% annually for agricultureand silviculture. The carbon-rich land rapidly emits carbon once it is cleared and drained. Indonesian agriculturaldevelopment is challenged by the demand to keep a high level of production with minimal negative impacts to theenvironment. This can be achieved by prioritization of low carbon stock land for agricultural expansion,rationalization of fertilizer application, minimization of intensive agricultural expansion to steepland, andsafeguarding paddy field from conversion.
PENGARUH PUPUK KANDANG DAN PUPUK BUATAN TERHADAP FLUKS CO2 PADA LAHAN GAMBUT YANG DIDRAINASE Maswar, Maswar; Husnain, Husnain; Agus, Fahmuddin
Jurnal Tanah dan Iklim (Indonesian Soil and Climate Journal) Vol 38, No 2 (2014)
Publisher : Balai Besar Penelitian dan Pengembangan Sumberdaya Lahan Pertanian

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21082/jti.v38n2.2014.71-77

Abstract

Abstrak. Drainase dan pemupukan pada lahan gambut dapat menstimulasi dekomposisi gambut, sehingga menyebabkan kehilangan karbon terutama dalam bentuk emisi CO2 ke atmosfer. Dua seri percobaan telah dilaksanakan, yang bertujuan untuk melihat pengaruh kotoran hewan sapi (kohe) dan pupuk buatan terhadap fluks CO2 pada lahan gambut yang didrainase. Penelitian dilaksanakan di Desa Lubuk Ogong, Kecamatan Bandar Seikijang, Kabupaten Pelalawan, Propinsi Riau, dari bulan Oktober 2011 sampai dengan Januari 2012. Percobaan pertama yaitu membandingkan tiga perlakuan terdiri atas: 1) kontrol (tanpa perlakuan); 2) aplikasi 10 t ha-1kohe dan 3) kombinasi 10 t ha-1kohe dengan pupuk buatan (urea = 0,1 kg m-2; SP-36 = 0,11 kg m-2; dan KCl = 0,09 kg m-2). Masing-masing perlakuan diulang tujuh kali dengan rancangan acak kelompok. Percobaan kedua merupakan plot berpasangan yang membandingkan antara perlakuan aplikasi pupuk kandang (kotoran sapi) dosis 10 t ha-1 dengan tanpa pupuk pada lahan gambut yang didrainase. Emisi CO2 dari permukaan tanah ditangkap dengan sungkup tertutup dan konsentrasinya diukur dengan Infrared Gas Analyzer (IRGA). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa aplikasi pupuk kandang nyata meningkatkan fluks CO2, namun kombinasinya dengan pupuk buatan tidak nyata meningkatan fluks CO2 bila dibandingkan dengan perlakuan kontrol. Setelah dua bulan setelah aplikasi pupuk kandang, nilai rata-rata fluks CO2 10% lebih tinggi dibandingkan plot tanpa pemberian pupuk kandang. Keragaman data hasil pengukuran fluks CO2 di lahan gambut sangat tinggi, baik secara temporal, maupun lintas perlakuan. Abstract. Drainage and fertilization on peat soils stimulate the decomposition process of peat material, thus substantially increase carbon losses from the soil, especially in the form of CO2. We conducted two series of experiments to study the effect of manure application on CO2 flux in drained peatlands in Lubuk Ogong Village, Bandar Seikijang Sub-District, Pelalawan District, Riau Province from October 2011 to January 2012. The first trial using randomized complete block design consisted of three treatments including: 1) control (no treatment); 2) Application of 10 t ha-1 cow barnyard manure; and 3) combination of 10 t ha-1 manure and chemical fertilizer (urea = 0.1 kg m-2; SP-36 = 0.11 kg m-2; and KCl = 0.09 kg m-2) with three replications. The other trial carried out in pair plots comparing with and without application of 10 t ha-1 manure. CO2 emitted through peat soil surface was captured using closed chambers and its concentration was measured using an Infrared Gas Analyzer (IRGA). The results showed that application of manure significantly increased the flux of CO2, while combination of manure and chemical fertilizer did not increased CO2 flux compared with control. During the two month period after manure applied, CO2 flux average in manure plot was 10% higher than that without manure. Moreover, we found large temporal and treatment-related variations of CO2 flux in peatlands.
Co-Authors Husnain, Husnain Maswar Maswar