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Analysis of Lead (Pb) and Cadmium (Cd) in Whitening Creams using Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy Agustina, A. T.; Primadi, M. P.; Randhanugraha, H.; Khotimah, K.; Luriyani, I.
Indonesian Journal of Chemistry and Environment Vol 2, No 2 (2019): December 2019
Publisher : Universitas Negeri Yogyakarta

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21831/ijce.v2i2.38187

Abstract

This research aims to determine the concentration of Lead (Pb) and Cadmium (Cd) metals contained in face whitening creams that are sold in store around Sleman, Yogyakarta. The analysis concentration of Pb and Cd levels in those whitening creams carried out using Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer (AAS) at Chemistry laboratory of Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Universitas Negeri Yogyakarta. We used 5 different face whitening cream samples (here after indicated by sample A, B, C, D, E) that taken randomly with the range price of thousand rupiahs. The results of analysis showed that in the sample A contains of -0.729 ppm Pb and 1,199 ppm Cd; sample B covers 0,017 ppm Pb and 1,274 ppm Cd; in the sample C consists of 1,082 ppm Pb and 1,254 ppm Cd; in the sample D contains a total of 1.242 ppm Pb and 1.215 ppm Cd; and in the sample E consists of -0.409 Pb and 1.232 ppm Cd. The results of this research are useful as the bases of their heavy metal concentrations, thus the possibilities of counterfeiting of the products ingredients can be avoided. An effort should be made in order to tell the customers about the harmful effects of over consumption of the face whitening cream with heavy metal acumulations in the body.
The happiness of small-scale dairy farmers: A case at Malang Regency of East Java, Indonesia Sutawi, S.; Prihartini, I.; Khotimah, K.; Iswatiningsih, D.; Kusumastuti, F.
Journal of the Indonesian Tropical Animal Agriculture Vol 47, No 1 (2022): March
Publisher : Diponegoro University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14710/jitaa.47.1.76-84

Abstract

This study was conducted to assess the happiness of small-scale dairy cattle farmers based on subjective well-being conditions. The research was conducted in July-October 2020 using a survey method in the Malang Regency of East Java Province. Analysis units were 145 small-scale dairy cattle farmer households purposively selected with less than 30 heads of dairy cattle ownership and have managed their livestock farming for more than five years. Data collection was conducted through interviews about three dimensions of happiness including life satisfaction, affection, and the meaning of life. The three dimensions were divided into 19 indicators to calculate the Happiness Index. The ten Life Satisfaction indicators produced a Life Satisfaction Index of 7.43 (Happy), consisting of a Personal Life Satisfaction Index of 7.26 (Happy) and a Social Life Satisfaction Index of 7.85 (Happy). The three Affection indicators produced the Affection Index of 7.29 (Happy). The six Meaning of Life indicators produced the Meaning of Life Index of 7.44 (Happy). The Happiness Index of small-scale dairy cattle farmers in East Java was 7.43 and classified as "Happy".