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All Journal Buletin Ilmiah Sarjana Teknik Elektro Control Systems and Optimization Letters
Hysa, Azem
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Aerospace Engineering Automotive Engineering Computer Science & IT Control & Systems Engineering Electrical & Electronics Engineering Engineering

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An Investigation of the Output Characteristics of Photovoltaic Cells Using Iterative Techniques and MATLAB® 2024a Software Hysa, Azem; Mahmoud, Mohamed Metwally; Ewais, Ahmed
Control Systems and Optimization Letters Vol 3, No 1 (2025)
Publisher : Peneliti Teknologi Teknik Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.59247/csol.v3i1.174

Abstract

This study investigates the characteristics of photovoltaic (PV) cells using iterative methods and MATLAB® 2024a software. Its main objective is to analyze the power-voltage (P-V) and current-voltage (I-V) characteristics for various series resistances and solar irradiation levels. The precision and dependability of this study are improved by the software utilized for numerical simulations and analysis. Since the PV cells are nonlinear, numerical techniques are favored in this situation to solve their nonlinear equations. In order to investigate different curves and their characteristics, the study makes use of numerical simulations, the single diode model, and the Newton-Raphson method (NRM), which is iterative and converges to an optimal solution of the problem to be solved. The behavior of PV cells under the variation of solar irradiance and different values of series resistance is described by the I-V and P-V characteristics. From the data, we notice that the influence of sun irradiance on PV cells, demonstrates that higher solar irradiance gives more current and power, and higher series resistance decrease the output power. The highest efficiency of a solar cell measured is roughly 47.1%. Future technical advancements in these crucial areas for humankind will result in further increases in the maximum efficiency of solar cells.
Time-domain Simulation and Stability Analysis of a Photovoltaic Cell Using the Fourth-order Runge-Kutta Method and Lyapunov Stability Analysis Priyadarshini, M. S.; Ardjoun, Sid Ahmed El Mehdi; Hysa, Azem; Mahmoud, Mohamed Metwally; Sur, Ujjal; Anwer, Noha
Buletin Ilmiah Sarjana Teknik Elektro Vol. 7 No. 2 (2025): June
Publisher : Universitas Ahmad Dahlan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.12928/biste.v7i2.13233

Abstract

This paper aims to analyze the nonlinear dynamic behavior of a photovoltaic (PV) cell under constant irradiance using numerical simulation and stability analysis. PV systems are inherently nonlinear and time-varying, making accurate dynamic modeling essential for control and performance optimization. Understanding how the system responds over time is critical for designing stable and efficient PV-based energy systems. A single-diode equivalent circuit model is used to represent the PV cell. The fourth-order Runge-Kutta (RK4) method is chosen for time-domain simulation due to its balance between computational efficiency and accuracy. A quadratic Lyapunov function is formulated to assess system stability by observing the sign of its time derivative. Simulation results show that the voltage reaches steady state smoothly with minor overshoot, and the current converges rapidly. The Lyapunov function decreases consistently, confirming asymptotic stability. The system demonstrates a maximum voltage error below 2% and low standard deviation, with consistent return to equilibrium despite changes in initial conditions. In conclusion, the proposed approach effectively characterizes the PV cell’s nonlinear dynamic behavior and confirms system stability under constant irradiance. The effectiveness of combining RK4 integration with Lyapunov analysis for modeling nonlinear PV dynamics ids demonstrated.
Microcontroller-based Prototype Model of a Solar Wireless Electric Vehicle-to-Vehicle Charging System with Real-Time Battery Voltage Monitoring Priyadarshini, M. S.; Mahmoud, M. Metwally; Sur, Ujjal; Ardjoun, Sid Ahmed El Mehdi; Hysa, Azem; Bessous, Noureddine; Metwally, Khaled A.; Anwer, Noha
Buletin Ilmiah Sarjana Teknik Elektro Vol. 7 No. 3 (2025): September
Publisher : Universitas Ahmad Dahlan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.12928/biste.v7i3.13232

Abstract

The increasing adoption of electric vehicles (EVs) necessitates sustainable and efficient charging solutions, particularly in remote areas and emergency situations where conventional grid-based charging stations are inaccessible. This research presents an Arduino-based prototype model of the Solar Wireless Electric Vehicle-to-Vehicle Charging System (SWEV2VCS), integrating a TP4056 charging module, a microcontroller, and wireless power transfer (WPT) coils to facilitate efficient, autonomous charging. The system harvests solar energy through high-efficiency photovoltaic (PV) panels, which is then regulated and stored in lithium-ion batteries. The TP4056 module ensures safe and controlled charging by providing overcharge, over-discharge, and current regulation for battery protection. An Arduino-based microcontroller unit (MCU) is implemented to monitor and optimize power management, ensuring effective energy distribution and preventing inefficiencies. Wireless power transfer is achieved using electromagnetic resonance coupling, which enhances transmission efficiency over short distances. The system employs primary and secondary copper coils designed for resonant inductive coupling, enabling energy transfer between EVs without requiring a physical connection. The design and implementation include real-time battery voltage monitoring using an Arduino Nano and an I2C-based LCD display. The microcontroller measures battery voltage from an analogy pin, processes the data, and displays it on the LCD screen. The voltage sensing mechanism employs analogy-to-digital conversion (ADC) to ensure accurate readings. The LCD module provides real-time updates, enhancing user interaction and monitoring efficiency. The experimental setup verifies system functionality by continuously displaying voltage readings, facilitating better power management during wireless charging. This prototype serves as a fundamental step toward the development of automated, real-time monitoring systems in wireless EV charging applications.
Co-Authors Anwer, Noha Ardjoun, Sid Ahmed El Mehdi Bessous, Noureddine Ewais, Ahmed Mahmoud, M. Metwally Mahmoud, Mohamed Metwally Metwally, Khaled A. Priyadarshini, M. S. Sur, Ujjal