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Kasno, Antonius
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EFEKTIVITAS BEBERAPA FORMULA PUPUK MAJEMUK NPK DALAM MENINGKATKAN PRODUKTIVITAS PADI SAWAH (EFFECTIVENESS OF SEVERAL FORMULA OF NPK COMPOUND FERTILIZER FORMULAS IN INCREASING THE PRODUCTIVITY OF LOWLAND RICE) Kasno, Antonius; Nurjaya, Nurjaya; Rochayati, Sri
Jurnal Tanah dan Iklim (Indonesian Soil and Climate Journal) Vol 43, No 1 (2019)
Publisher : Balai Besar Penelitian dan Pengembangan Sumberdaya Lahan Pertanian

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21082/jti.v43n1.2019.71-81

Abstract

Abstrak. Formula pupuk yang ada pada umumnya tidak didasarkan pada karakteristik tanah dan kebutuhan tanaman, sehingga pupuk tidak efektif dan tidak efisien. Penelitian bertujuan untuk mengevaluasi formula pupuk majemuk dan efektivitasnya dalam meningkatkan produksi padi sawah. Penelitian dilakukan pada lahan sawah di Provinsi Banten, Jawa Barat, Jawa Tengah dan Jawa Timur di 7 lokasi pada musim hujan 2011/2012. Pada setiap provinsi penelitian menggunakan Rancangan Acak Kelompok dengan delapan perlakuan dan tiga ulangan. Perlakuan terdiri atas (A) NPK 15-15-15 (250 kg NPK, 150 kg Urea ha-1, 0 SP-36, dan 0 KCl), (B) NPK 20-10-10 (300 kg NPK, 100 kg Urea ha-1, 0 SP-36, 0 KCl), (C) NPK 30-6-8 (350 kg NPK ha-1, 0 Urea, 0 SP-36, dan 0 KCl), (D) pupuk tunggal berdasarkan status hara tanah, (E) NPK 15-15-15 berdasarkan status hara tanah, (F) NPK 20-10-10 berdasarkan status hara tanah, (G) NPK 30-6-8 berdasarkan status hara tanah, dan (H) kontrol, tanpa pemberian pupuk. Varietas padi yang digunakan di setiap lokasi percobaan sesuai varietas yang digunakan petani setempat. Pengamatan dilakukan terhadap sifat kimia tanah sebelum diberi perlakuan, berat gabah kering panen, dan relative agronomic effectiveness. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pemupukan NPK baik majemuk maupun tunggal nyata meningkatkan hasil padi dari 4,92 untuk perlakuan kontrol menjadi 6,73 t ha-1 untuk perlakuan NPK 15-15-15. Berat gabah kering panen pada pemupukan NPK formula 15-15-15 lebih tinggi dari formula 20-10-10 dan 30-6-8, namun NPK 15-15-15 pada dosis uji tanah (perlakuan E) tidak berbeda nyata dibandingkan NPK 15-15-15 (perlakuan A). Dengan demikian secara agronomis pupuk NPK majemuk formula 15-15-15 lebih unggul. Rata-rata nilai RAE pada dosis pupuk NPK dari masing-masing formula adalah 107% untuk NPK 15-15-15 (perlakuan A), 98% untuk NPK 20-10-10 (perlakuan B) dan 92% untuk NPK 30-6-8 (perlakuan C). Rata-rata nilai RAE pada dosis pupuk berdasarkan status hara tanah untuk NPK 15-15-15 (perlakuan E), 20-10-10 (perlakuan F), dan 30-6-8 (perlakuan G) masing-masing adalah 104, 105 dan 109%.Abstract. Existing compound fertilizer formula is generally not based on soil characteristics and plant needs, leading to ineffective and inefficent fertilization. This study aimed at evaluating compound fertilizer formulas and their effectiveness in increasing rice production. The study was conducted on paddy fields in Banten, West Java, Central Java, and East Java provinces at 7 locations during the 2011/2012 rainy season. In each of these provinces, the study used a Randomized Complete Block Design with eight treatments and three replications. The treatment were: (A) NPK 15-15-15 (250 kg NPK, 150 kg Urea ha-1, 0 SP-36, and 0 KCl), (B) NPK 20-10-10 (300 kg NPK, 100 kg Urea ha-1, 0 SP-36, 0 KCl), (C) NPK 30-6-8 (350 kg NPK ha-1, 0 Urea, 0 SP-36, and 0 KCl), (D) single fertilizer based on status soil nutrients, (G) NPK 15-15-15 based on soil nutrient status, (F) NPK 20-10-10 based on soil nutrient status, (G) NPK 30-6-8 based on soil nutrient status, and (H) control, without fertilizer. Rice varieties used in each trial location were in accordance with the varieties used by local farmers. Observations were made on the chemical properties of the soil before being treated, crop grain yield, and the relative agronomic effectiveness (RAE). The results showed that fertilizing NPK both compound or single element, significantly increased rice yield from 4.92 for the control treatment to 6.73 t ha-1 for the NPK 15-15-15 treatment. Grain yield at the NPK 15-15-15 was higher than that of NPK 20-10-10 and 30-6-8, but NPK 15-15-15 based on soil test (treatment E) was not significantly different from NPK 15 -15-15 (treatment A). Thus, agronomically, NPK 15-15-15 was superior. The mean RAE was 107% for NPK 15-15-15 (treatment A), 98% for NPK 20-10-10 (treatment B) and 92% for NPK 30- 6-8 (treatment C). The mean RAE for treatments based on soil test for NPK 15-15-15) (treatment E), NPK 20-10-10 (treatment F), and NPK 30-6-8 (treatment G), were 104, 105 and 109%, respectively.
PENGEKSTRAK, STATUS DAN DOSIS PUPUK KALIUM UNTUK PADI GOGO PADA HAPLUDULTS, BRAJA SELEBAH, KABUPATEN LAMPUNG TIMUR ( STATUS AND DOSAGE OF POTASSIUM FERTILIZER FOR UPLAND RICE IN HAPLUDULTS, BRAJA SELEBAH, EAST LAMPUNG DISTRICT ) Kasno, Antonius; Suastika, I Wayan
Jurnal Tanah dan Iklim (Indonesian Soil and Climate Journal) Vol 41, No 1 (2017)
Publisher : Balai Besar Penelitian dan Pengembangan Sumberdaya Lahan Pertanian

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21082/jti.v41n1.2017.61-68

Abstract

Abstrak: Kalium merupakan hara makro primer dan menjadi faktor pembatas pertumbuhan pada lahan kering masam. Pengekstrak hara K terbaik, status hara K dan dosis pupuk K untuk padi gogo pada Hapludults belum banyak dipelajari. Penelitian bertujuan untuk mendapatkan pengekstrak hara K terbaik, status hara K dan dosis pupuk K untuk tanaman padi gogo yang ditanam pada tanah Hapludults dengan kandungan K sangat rendah. Penelitian dilakukan di Desa Braja Harjosari, Kecamatan Braja Selebah, Lampung Timur (05o 10? 57? LS, dan 105o 46? 33? BT), pada musim kering 2015 dan musim hujan 2015/2016. Pada musim pertama, status K buatan dibuat dengan menambah pupuk K dengan dosis 0 X, ¼ X, ½ X, ¾ X, dan 1 X, dimana X merupakan jumlah pupuk K untuk mencapai kadar K dalam tanah 0,6 cmol(+) kg-1. Pada musim kedua dibuat percobaan respon pemupukan pada setiap status hara K, dengan dosis 0, 20, 40, 80, dan 160 kg K ha-1. Pada musim pertama petak perlakuan berukuran 25 m x 6 m, dan musim kedua 5 m x 6 m. Pengamatan dilakukan terhadap sifat kimia tanah dan berat gabah kering. Pengesktrak K yang diuji adalah NH4OAc 1N pH 7, NH4OAc 1N pH 4,8, HCl 25%, Truog, Mehlich 1, Bray 1, Bray 2, Colwell, dan Morgan Venema. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pengekstrak hara K terbaik tanah Hapludults adalah Colwell. Status hara K rendah, sedang dan tinggi adalah <21,5, 21,5 ? 26,5 dan >26,5 mg kg-1, dan dosis pupuk K untuk padi gogo pada masing-masing status hara K berturut-turut adalah 125, 110, dan 80 kg KCl ha-1.Abstract. Potassium is a primary macro nutrients and it becomes a limiting factor of plant growth in the upland acid soil. There have not been much studied about the best K extraction, K nutrient status, and the rate of K fertilizer application for upland rice in Hapludults. The objective of this research is to investigate the best extractant for K nutrient, evaluate K nutrient status and the best rate of K fertilizer for each K nutrient status for upland Hapludults with very low K content. The study was conducted in the village of Braja Harjosari, Sub district of Braja Selebah, East Lampung (05o 10 '57.43 "S and 105o 46' 33.27" E), in dry season of 2015 until the rainy season of 2015/2016. In the first season, a series of artificial K nutrient status from low to high was made by adding K fertilizer with doses of 0 X, ¼ X, ½ X, ¾ X, and 1 X, where X is the amount of K fertilizer intended to achieve the levels of 0.6 cmol(+)kg-1 K in the soil. In the second season, a fertilization response trial on each K nutrient status, with doses of 0, 20, 40, 80, and 160 kg K ha-1 was established Plots dimension was 25 m x 6 m in the first season and 5 m x 6 m in the second season. Observations were made on soil chemical properties and dry grain weight. The K extraction tested were 1N NH4OAc pH 7, 1N NH4OAc pH 4.8, 25% HCl, Truog, Mehlich 1, Bray 1, Bray 2, Colwell, Morgan Venema. The results showed that the best nutrient K extraction of Hapludults soil was the Colwell. The low, medium and high K nutrient status was <21.5, 21.5 ? 26.5 and > 26.5 mg kg-1, and the dosage of K fertilizer for upland rice in each nutrient status K was 125, 110, and 80 kg KCl ha-1. 
Co-Authors Nurjaya, Nurjaya Rochayati, Sri Suastika, I Wayan