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Clausal-Internal Scrambling in Urdu Language: A Derivation by Phases Ali, Asad; Jabbar, Qaisar; Kiani, Humayun
REiLA : Journal of Research and Innovation in Language Vol. 3 No. 1 (2021): REiLA : Journal of Research and Innovation in Language
Publisher : The Institute of Research and Community Service (LPPM) - Universitas Lancang Kuning

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.31849/reila.v3i1.5968

Abstract

Scrambling in Clausal-Internal is accounted for employing minimalist program as a theoretical framework on Urdu Naturalistic data in this study. For empirical evidence, an Urdu corpus has been accumulated in audio-recording forms from 100 competent Urdu speakers within the natural setting, taking Naturalist Inquiry as methodological purposes. Employing minimalist program on Urdu data, this study vehemently postulates that the dislocation of arguments from base to host position only hinges on the phase heads— Co and vo; hence no other external devices essentially necessitate accounting for scrambling. This study highlighted scrambling in clausal-internal specifically within Indo-Aryan Languages is Universal Phase-Based parsimony, and it is only controlled by the exiting mechanism within the phase theory. Moreover, the only merge and move operations linearize the CP in a phase-based fashion while CP is a higher phase and vP is a lower phase. No additional AGRoP necessitates scrambling, but one phase successively and cyclically converges into a higher phase level, i.e. CP and the derivation matches at LF and PF interfaces satisfying Full Interpretation (FI).
Clausal-Internal Switching in Urdu-English: An Evaluation of the Matrix Language Frame Model Ali, Asad; Jabbar, Qaisar; Malik, Nazir Ahmad; Kiani, Humayun Baber; Noreen, Zumra; Toan, Ly Ngoc
REiLA : Journal of Research and Innovation in Language Vol. 3 No. 3 (2021): REiLA : Journal of Research and Innovation in Language
Publisher : The Institute of Research and Community Service (LPPM) - Universitas Lancang Kuning

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.31849/reila.v3i3.6774

Abstract

The core of this paper is to employ the Matrix Language Frame (MLF) model on Urdu-English clausal-internal switching to identify whether the Matrix Language Frame model potentially accounts for the bilingual linguistic competence efficiently. For this, a qualitative methodology has been adopted for this study. For empirical evidence, data has been taken from eighty Urdu- English bilinguals within a naturalistic setting after categorizing them into four groups, and each group has 20 participants. After conducting audio-recording through non-participant interviews in an informal setting, the collected data was transcribed. The MLF model posited that two languages are fused in a single Intra-CP of a mixed string. The linearly dominant language is Matrix language (ML) that incorporates only late outsider system morphemes. Odd is Embedded language (EL) that supplies content morphemes satisfying the system morpheme principle (SMP) uniformly and morpheme order principle (MOP). The present study ubiquitously scrutinizes that naturalistic data of Urdu-English bilinguals highlights the innovative results: it predicts that Matrix language (ML) is unidentified in intra-CP, no late outsider system morphemes linearize a code-switched sentence, unparalleled constituent and clausal structure, System Morpheme Principle (SMP) and Morpheme Order Principle (SMP) provides the illegitimate output and computes ungrammatical sentences hence; the Matrix Language Frame model redundantly and inconsistently accounts for Urdu-English naturalistic data and its principles have failed to compute Urdu-English naturalistic data.
Nexus Between Monetary Policy & Liquidity Creation; Study From The Perspective Of Pakistan Ali, Asad; Mughal , Riffat; Minhas , Asad Ali; Abbas , Qaiser
International Journal of Finance Research Vol. 4 No. 1 (2023): International Journal of Finance Research
Publisher : Training & Research Institute - Jeramba Ilmu Sukses (TRI-JIS)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.47747/ijfr.v4i1.1212

Abstract

The study investigates whether Pakistan's conventional banks create liquidity in response to monetary policy. The secondary data is gathered from the Thomson Reuter financial data streams. The annual time series data is collected from 2000 to 2021. Conventional banks create liquidity by using liquid liabilities to finance illiquid assets. Ali & Ahmad (2022) estimated the quantity of liquidity created by conventional banks in Pakistan over the past 21 years using the Catfat model developed by Berger and Bouwman (2009). The current study used the estimated amount to examine the impact of monetary policy on liquidity creation by using the simple linear regression econometric model. The outcomes of the study indicate that monetary policy has a significant positive impact on liquidity creation in Pakistan. By regulating the monetary policy rate, the State Bank of Pakistan manages the amount of liquidity that conventional banks create. The decisions made by the State Bank of Pakistan are crucial for the economic development of a country. The future implication of the study is that several bank-specific and industry-specific factors affect liquidity creation, so there is a need to explore the same in different regions of the world.