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All Journal IJCER (International Journal of Chemistry Education Research) Marine Research in Indonesia
Prudente, Maricar S.
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Chemistry Earth & Planetary Sciences Education Environmental Science Materials Science & Nanotechnology

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MONITORING OF BUTYLTIN COMPOUNDS IN THE AQUATIC ENVIRONMENTS OF THE PHILIPPINES Prudente, Maricar S.
Marine Research in Indonesia Vol 33 No 2 (2008)
Publisher : Research Center for Oceanography - Indonesian Institute of Sciences (LIPI)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14203/mri.v33i2.492

Abstract

This article provides a comprehensive review of the contamination by Butyltin compounds (BTs) and its possible implications on the marine and coastal environments of the Philippines. Butyltin compounds were detected in mussels from all the sampling locations investigated as part of the monitoring surveys under the Asia-Pacific Mussel Watch (APMW) Program conducted in the late 1990s. BTs were detected in green mussels collected from all the aquaculture sites in the country, suggestive of considerable widespread pollution by BTs in the coastal waters. Among BTs, TBT was detected at all locations at relatively higher concentrations, whereas the concentrations of DBT and MBT were lower. This could be indicative that green mussels have limited ability of metabolize TBT to DBT and MBT. In addition, this result may be suggestive of fresh TBT inputs into the aquatic environments and the presence of recent sources along the coastal waters. Concentrations of 0 BT in green mussels were reported up to 790 ng/g wet weight in a site where intensive maritime activities are occurring. Mussels from rural areas contained TBT at lower proportions indicating that TBT usage as antifouling agents is minimal. Tolerable average residue level (TARL) for seafood in the Philippines was estimated at 173 ng/g wet weight for an average person weighing 60kg. Concentrations of TBT or the sum of TBT and DBT in some green mussels analysed revealed that some values exceeded TARL level, which could suggest that humans consuming this seafood from areas with high BTs contamination could be at risk from elevated exposure to BTs. Similarly, BTs were detected in all the skipjack tuna collected, suggestive of the widespread contamination even in offshore waters and open seas on a global scale. Skipjack tuna collected from the offshore waters of the Philippines revealed considerable levels (up to 220 ng/g wet weight), with high percentages of BTs in total tin (0Sn: inorganic tin + organic tin) in the liver tissues. This finding seems to suggest that the anthropogenic BTs represent the major source of Sn accumulation in skipjack tuna. On the other hand, relatively low concentrations of BTs were found in the liver of cetaceans from the coastal waters of the Philippines, which ranged 42-98 ng/g wet weight. Significantly lower hepatic BT concentrations in cetaceans in tropical waters were noted compared with those inhabiting temperate waters proximal to developed nations. This result could imply smaller usage of BTs in the Philippines at least at the present.
The Analysis of the Senior High School STEM Students and Non-STEM Students’ Level of Interest towards Learning Biology Ollero, James; Prudente, Maricar S.
IJCER (International Journal of Chemistry Education Research) VOLUME 9, ISSUE 2, OCTOBER 2025
Publisher : Universitas Islam Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20885/ijcer.vol9.iss2.art3

Abstract

Students’ interest in learning specific disciplines has long been a subject of educational research due to its potential impact on academic performance. Biology, as a core subject in science education, is often perceived as content heavy and reliant on memorization, which may contribute to declining student engagement. This study investigates the significant predictors of interest in learning biology among senior high school students from both STEM and non-STEM disciplines, based on their demographic and academic profiles such as their grade level, strand, first language, sex, age and their intended course in college. Employing a descriptive-quantitative research design, the study utilized a survey approach with an adapted Likert-scale instrument adapted to measure levels of interest. The majority of respondents were grade 12 students, predominantly from the STEM strand with 132 students while non-STEM disciplines are composed of a total of 88 students, Tagalog ethnicity, female, aged 17 and below, and with intentions to pursue non-biology-related college courses. Results revealed that both STEM and non-STEM students exhibited a comparable level of interest in biology, categorized as “Moderately Agree,” with mean scores of 4.37 and 4.13, respectively. Notably, sex and intended college course emerged as statistically significant predictors of students’ interest in learning biology. These findings suggest that while strand affiliation may not drastically influence interest levels, individual factors such as gender and academic aspirations play a more pivotal role. The study underscores the importance of considering diverse demographic variables in understanding and enhancing student engagement in biology education. Future research is encouraged to explore additional factors that may influence interest, such as instructional methods, classroom environment, and prior academic experiences.
Co-Authors Ollero, James