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Socioeconomic Impact of COVID-19 in MENA region and the Role of Islamic Finance Hassan, M. Kabir; Rabbani, Mustafa Raza; Abdulla, Yomna
International Journal of Islamic Economics and Finance (IJIEF) Vol 4, No 1 (2021): IJIEF Vol 4 (1), January 2021
Publisher : Universitas Muhammadiyah Yogyakarta

This paper analyses the socio-economic impact of the noble Corona virus (COVID-19) on â€˜Middle East and North Africaâ€™ (MENA) region as well as the role and opportunities of Islamic finance post COVID-19. The findings show that pandemic has affected the MENA region massively like any other region in the world. Since around 69% of the wordâ€™s crude oil supply is from this region alone, this causes it to suffer from dual shocks of COVID-19 pandemic as well as the declining crude prices that is caused by shocks from both ends, negative supply shock and a negative demand shock. The 19 countries in MENA region include from some of the richest countries of the world such as, Qatar, Kuwait, and Saudi Arabia, to some of the most vulnerable, poor and war ridden countries like Yemen, Syria, and Morocco. To mitigate the adverse effects of the pandemic, we suggest some immediate actions that can be taken such as a public fund to support health system, financial support to individuals and SMEâ€™s, financial support to corporations in order to prevent job loss and layoff and assurance of liquidity in domestic markets to prevent liquidity crunch. Finally, the paper analyses the role of Islamic finance in the region in recovery post COVID-19 and show that Islamic finance can be utilized as an alternative financial system in providing the relief to the COVID-19 affected people and entrepreneurs.

CASH WAQF INVESTMENT AND POVERTY ALLEVIATION: CASE OF TABUNG MASJIDS IN MALAYSIA Hasan, Rashedul; Hassan, M. Kabir; Rashid, Mamunur
Journal of Islamic Monetary Economics and Finance Vol 4 No 2 (2018)
Publisher : Bank Indonesia

Recent investigations of the financial management practices of mosques in Indonesia have influenced this study, which investigates the ability of mosques in Malaysia to invest cash waqf for development activities. The impact of cash waqf investment is further extended to study the importance of such cash waqf donations toward poverty alleviation. 100 mosques in Melaka and Terengganu are selected for the purpose of conducting a survey using a self-developed questionnaire. Data collected from the survey are tested for their validity and reliability before conducting Structural Equation Modelling (SEM) analysis using Smart PLS 3.0. This study finds that cash waqf donation plays a positive role in increasing the ability of the selected states to alleviate poverty. The negative relationship between cash waqf investment and donation raises the need for a rigorous analysis. A conceptual model integrating cash waqf investment, donation, and poverty alleviation is provided in this study, which is the first of its kind. The results provided by the study will allow regulators and mosque fund managers to understand the significance of cash waqf donations and the importance of effective cash waqf management. Efficient investment of cash waqf can ensure sustainable and perpetual income that will allow a mosque to play a vital role in improving the living standards of the Muslim Ummah. The findings of the study cannot be generalized for all states in Malaysia due to the limitation of purposive sampling.

SHARIAH RISK FACTOR AND STOCK RETURN IN THE INDONESIAN STOCK MARKET DURING COVID-19 AND THE RUSSIA-UKRAINE CONFLICT Dharani, Munusamy; Hassan, M. Kabir; Hermawan, Danny
Journal of Islamic Monetary Economics and Finance Vol 10 No 1 (2024)
Publisher : Bank Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21098/jimf.v10i1.2020

Using a sample of 544 Indonesian stocks, we examine the performance of the Shariah and non-Shariah stocks from 2018-2023. Employing panel regressions to investigate the impact of the Shariah investment principles on the average stock returns, we observe a positive relationship between the Shariah firms and average stock return in the market. Consequently, the study forms the Shariah and non-Shairah portfolios and analyzes their performance using the asset pricing model. We document evidence that the Shariah portfolio provides a higher abnormal return than the non-Shariah portfolio. Further, we report that the Shariah portfolio provides a higher abnormal return than the non-Shariah portfolio after controlling COVID-19 and the Russia-Ukraine war. Finally, we create the Shariah risk factor and conclude that it is one factor that explains the deviation in the stock return in the Indonesian stock market. The study recommends that policymakers consider this factor to derive the cost of equity, discount rate, and cost of capital.

CASH WAQF INVESTMENT AND POVERTY ALLEVIATION: CASE OF TABUNG MASJIDS IN MALAYSIA Hasan, Rashedul; Hassan, M. Kabir; Rashid, Mamunur
Journal of Islamic Monetary Economics and Finance Vol. 4 No. 2 (2018)
Publisher : Bank Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21098/jimf.v4i2.1006

Recent investigations of the financial management practices of mosques in Indonesia have influenced this study, which investigates the ability of mosques in Malaysia to invest cash waqf for development activities. The impact of cash waqf investment is further extended to study the importance of such cash waqf donations toward poverty alleviation. 100 mosques in Melaka and Terengganu are selected for the purpose of conducting a survey using a self-developed questionnaire. Data collected from the survey are tested for their validity and reliability before conducting Structural Equation Modelling (SEM) analysis using Smart PLS 3.0. This study finds that cash waqf donation plays a positive role in increasing the ability of the selected states to alleviate poverty. The negative relationship between cash waqf investment and donation raises the need for a rigorous analysis. A conceptual model integrating cash waqf investment, donation, and poverty alleviation is provided in this study, which is the first of its kind. The results provided by the study will allow regulators and mosque fund managers to understand the significance of cash waqf donations and the importance of effective cash waqf management. Efficient investment of cash waqf can ensure sustainable and perpetual income that will allow a mosque to play a vital role in improving the living standards of the Muslim Ummah. The findings of the study cannot be generalized for all states in Malaysia due to the limitation of purposive sampling.

DOES DIGITAL FINANCIAL INCLUSION IMPACT ESG PERFORMANCE IN ISLAMIC AND CONVENTIONAL FINANCIAL INSTITUTIONS? A GLOBAL EVIDENCE Hassan, M. Kabir; Rabbani, Mustafa Raza; Kiran, Madiha
Journal of Islamic Monetary Economics and Finance Vol. 11 No. 3 (2025)
Publisher : Bank Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21098/jimf.v11i3.2340

This study investigates the impact of digital financial inclusion on corporate ESG performance using a global sample of 660 conventional and Islamic institutions from 2010 to 2022. The study reveals that digital financial inclusion can significantly promote corporate ESG performance. What sets this study apart is its use of the novel methodology of fixed effects model and Methods of Moments Quantile Regression (MMQR) to empirically identify how digital financial inclusion affects corporate ESG performance from lower to higher quantiles (0.1 to 0.9). Further, the analysis using 1st and 2nd SLS shows that digital financial inclusion has a more pronounced impact on Islamic banks' ESG scores, mainly when involved in the high implementation of digitalization. These significant results are assured by legitimacy and stakeholder theories. ESG factors have been significantly affected by adopting modern digital applications and platforms in regulated industries of Islamic institutions. Sub-Sample analysis of financial institutions and heterogeneity analysis of more and less board independence and board size significantly impact implementing digital financial inclusion and ESG performance, instilling the need to mitigate banks' risks by disclosing non-financial information and resolving agency conflicts among stakeholders aimed at investing in sustainable green projects. Finally, our results remain robust after addressing endogeneity issues and conducting robustness checks, offering new insights into the evolving digital financial inclusion and ESG performance.

SHARIAH RISK FACTOR AND STOCK RETURN IN THE INDONESIAN STOCK MARKET DURING COVID-19 AND THE RUSSIA-UKRAINE CONFLICT Dharani, Munusamy; Hassan, M. Kabir; Hermawan, Danny
Journal of Islamic Monetary Economics and Finance Vol. 10 No. 1 (2024)
Publisher : Bank Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21098/jimf.v10i1.2020

Using a sample of 544 Indonesian stocks, we examine the performance of the Shariah and non-Shariah stocks from 2018-2023. Employing panel regressions to investigate the impact of the Shariah investment principles on the average stock returns, we observe a positive relationship between the Shariah firms and average stock return in the market. Consequently, the study forms the Shariah and non-Shairah portfolios and analyzes their performance using the asset pricing model. We document evidence that the Shariah portfolio provides a higher abnormal return than the non-Shariah portfolio. Further, we report that the Shariah portfolio provides a higher abnormal return than the non-Shariah portfolio after controlling COVID-19 and the Russia-Ukraine war. Finally, we create the Shariah risk factor and conclude that it is one factor that explains the deviation in the stock return in the Indonesian stock market. The study recommends that policymakers consider this factor to derive the cost of equity, discount rate, and cost of capital.

Agent Banking: Impact on The Financial Performance of Commercial Banks in Bangladesh Robin, Iftekhar Ahmed; Hassan, M. Kabir
OECONOMICUS Journal of Economics Vol. 8 No. 2 (2024): (June) edisi 16
Publisher : Program Studi Ilmu Ekonomi UIN Sunan Ampel Surabaya

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15642/oje.2024.8.2.80-85

The paper examines the effects of agent banking activities on the financial performance of commercial banks in Bangladesh. Employing bank level quarterly data for the period 2018Q1- 2021Q4, the study estimates a pooled OLS regression model to investigate the effects of agent bank specific factors on the financial performance of the related commercial banks (principal/mother bank) in terms of profitability measures, return on assets (ROA) and return on equity (ROE). The estimated regression results show that amount of loan disbursement by agent banks and number of agent banking account holders have positive and statistically significant impact on the banks’ profit. However, the number of agents and/or outlets do not necessarily affect the profitability of the principal/mother bank. The findings of this study would help the policy makers, bank management and other stakeholders for decision making and improving the performance of agent banking in developing countries like Bangladesh.

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