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All Journal Jurnal Farmasi Kryonaut
Dewi, Luh Putu Mirah Kusuma
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Biochemistry, Genetics & Molecular Biology Immunology & microbiology Medicine & Pharmacology

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TYROSINASE INHIBITORS FROM HALOPHILIC AND MARINE-DERIVED FUNGI: ACTIVE METABOLITES, INHIBITORY ACTIVITIES, AND POTENTIAL APPLICATIONS IN HYPERPIGMENTATION Maurayanti, Putu Ristanaya; Nursid, Muhammad; Dewi, Luh Putu Mirah Kusuma; Samirana, Putu Oka
Jurnal Farmasi Kryonaut Vol 5 No 2 (2026): JFK
Publisher : LPPM STIKES BULELENG

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.59969/jfk.v5i2.219

Abstract

Skin hyperpigmentation is a dermatological problem associated with increased melanin production, in which tyrosinase plays an important role in melanogenesis. Halophilic and marine-derived fungi can adapt to extreme environmental conditions and may produce secondary metabolites with biological activities, including tyrosinase inhibition. This review aimed to evaluate the potential of halophilic and marine-derived fungi as sources of tyrosinase inhibitors by examining fungal origin, species, sample type, active metabolites, assay methods, and reported inhibitory activity. A literature search was conducted using Google Scholar with keywords related to marine fungi, endophytic fungi, halophilic fungi, and tyrosinase. Original research articles published in English that reported tyrosinase inhibitory activity of halophilic or marine-derived endophytic fungi were considered. Eleven articles were selected for further analysis. The findings showed that fungi associated with sponges, algae, sediments, and marine environments produced metabolites with varying tyrosinase inhibitory activities. Several isolated compounds exhibited strong activity, with lower IC50 values than kojic acid, whereas crude extracts generally showed lower activity. Azaphilone, polyketide, and related metabolites were reported among several active isolates. However, most studies were limited to in vitro enzyme assays, with insufficient validation of mechanisms, toxicity, and efficacy in cellular or in vivo models. Halophilic and marine-derived fungi have potential as sources of novel tyrosinase inhibitors, but standardized assays, mechanistic characterization, and safety and efficacy validation are needed to support further development as potential skin-lightening agents.
EXPLORING THE ANTIBACTERIAL POTENTIAL OF HALOPHILIC FUNGI AND THEIR SECONDARY METABOLITES: AN EVIDENCE-BASED PERSPECTIVE ON NOVEL ANTIBIOTIC CANDIDATE DEVELOPMENT Mahadewi, Ni Kadek Wiwik; Nursid, Muhammad; Dewi, Luh Putu Mirah Kusuma; Samirana, Putu Oka
Jurnal Farmasi Kryonaut Vol 5 No 1 (2026): JFK
Publisher : LPPM STIKES BULELENG

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.59969/jfk.v5i1.223

Abstract

Antibiotic resistance has emerged as a major global health threat, creating an urgent need for alternative antibacterial sources. Halophilic fungi, which inhabit hypersaline environments, are known to produce unique secondary metabolites with potential antibacterial activity. This review aimed to evaluate the antibacterial potential of halophilic fungi and their secondary metabolites through a structured literature review approach. Relevant articles published between 2015 and 2025 were collected from the Scopus and Google Scholar databases using the keywords “halophilic fungi” and “antibacterial”. Article selection was conducted based on predefined inclusion and exclusion criteria following the PRISMA guidelines. A total of 10 eligible original research articles were analyzed descriptively. The findings show that halophilic fungi produce diverse antibacterial metabolites, including alkaloids, gramicidin S, bisvertinolone, epicoracine, alterperylenol, and (Z)-18-octadec-9-enolide, which exhibit inhibitory activity against both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. Several metabolites demonstrate antibacterial activity comparable to or higher than standard antibiotics, while low Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) values indicate strong therapeutic potential. Overall, halophilic fungi represent an underexplored biological resource with significant potential for the development of novel antibacterial agents against bacterial resistance.
BIOACTIVE POTENTIAL OF RED AND GREEN ALGAE AS ANTIOXIDANT AND PHOTOPROTECTIVE SOURCES AGAINST OXIDATIVE STRESS AND ULTRAVIOLET RADIATION Cahyani, Ni Kadek Angga Rusnita; Puspawati, Ni Made; Dewi, Luh Putu Mirah Kusuma; Samirana, Putu Oka
Jurnal Farmasi Kryonaut Vol 5 No 1 (2026): JFK
Publisher : LPPM STIKES BULELENG

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.59969/jfk.v5i1.227

Abstract

Excessive exposure to ultraviolet (UV) radiation promotes the formation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), contributing to photoaging, hyperpigmentation, and skin cancer. Therefore, natural alternatives to synthetic sunscreens are increasingly explored due to potential health and environmental concerns. Seaweeds are promising sources of natural photoprotective agents because they produce bioactive compounds to survive high UV exposure. Among them, Eucheuma cottonii (red algae) and Ulva sp. (green algae) contain phenolics, carotenoids, and mycosporine-like amino acids (MAAs) with antioxidant and UV-protective properties. This narrative review aimed to compare the antioxidant and UV-protective activities of E. cottonii and Ulva sp. by analyzing original research articles published between 2015 and 2025. Quantitative data, including IC50 values for antioxidant activity and SPF or UV transmittance for photoprotection, were extracted and evaluated. The results show that extraction methods, solvent polarity, and formulation concentration significantly affect the observed bioactivities. Overall, E. cottonii consistently demonstrated stronger antioxidant capacity and higher UV-protection potential than Ulva sp., likely due to differences in phytochemical composition. These findings highlight the potential of red and green seaweeds as natural active ingredients for safer, eco-friendly, and sustainable sunscreen formulations.
Co-Authors Bhadreswara, I Gede Rheza Wisnu Cahyani, Ni Kadek Angga Rusnita Mahadewi, Ni Kadek Wiwik Maurayanti, Putu Ristanaya Muhammad Nursid Ni Made Pitri Susanti Ni Made Puspawati Putu Oka Samirana