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Alamanda, Alamanda
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Economics, Econometrics & Finance Education

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THE EFFECT OF GOVERNMENT EXPENDITURE ON INCOME INEQUALITY AND POVERTY IN INDONESIA Alamanda, Alamanda
JURNAL INFO ARTHA Vol 4, No 1 (2020): JULY EDITION
Publisher : Polytechnic of State Finance STAN

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (498.792 KB) | DOI: 10.31092/jia.v4i1.614

Abstract

Income inequality and poverty have become key issues in development studies since the 1970s. Although theoretically there are various factors associated with the incidence of poverty and income inequality, choices regarding the types and structure of government expenditure are often quoted as one of the crucial determinants. However, the evidence is still inconclusive, and the research about these issues in the case of Indonesia is still minimum. This paper tries to contribute to the discussion by analysing a panel data set of 33 provinces from 2005 to 2017 to examine the effect of different types of government expenditure on income inequality and poverty in Indonesia. Using the fixed effect, random effect, and Seemingly Unrelated Regression (SURE) system, this paper finds that social aid, subsidy and grant expenditure have an insignificant effect on reducing income inequality and poverty in Indonesia. However, the empirical evidence suggests that infrastructure spending has a negative correlation with income inequality in urban areas (when using the random effect model), and rural areas (when using the fixed effect model). In addition, infrastructure expenditure is also negatively and significantly correlated with poverty in Indonesia, and the impact is more significant in rural than urban areas.
KETIMPANGAN GENDER DAN PERPAJAKAN DI INDONESIA Alamanda, Alamanda
JURNAL INFO ARTHA Vol 7 No 1 (2023): Edisi Juli 2023
Publisher : Polytechnic of State Finance STAN

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.31092/jia.v7i1.1987

Abstract

This paper aims to analyze the effect of gender inequality on individual income tax revenue in Indonesia. Using panel data analysis of 34 provinces from 2015 to 2020, this paper finds that gender inequality has a negative significant impact on individual income tax revenue. Empirical evidence, both Pooled OLS and Random Effect Model, suggest that a one-point decrease in Gender Inequality Index will increase individual income tax revenue by 0.83 percent on average. Moreover, the paper finds that the effect of inequality gender on individual income tax revenue is higher in Sumatera, Kalimantan, Sulawesi, Papua, and Nusa Tenggara than in Java and Bali islands. Based on this finding, this paper tries to provide a set of gender-responsive tax policies to improve gender equality and tax revenue in the future.
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