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All Journal Signifikan : Jurnal Ilmu Ekonomi ETIKONOMI Ekonomi Bisnis Jurnal Administrasi Kesehatan Indonesia Jurnal Ketenagakerjaan Prosiding Seminar Nasional Official Statistics Jurnal Ekonomi dan Pembangunan Indonesia Eko-Regional: Jurnal Pembangunan Ekonomi Wilayah
Wahyuni, Ribut Nurul Tri
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Humanities Computer Science & IT Decision Sciences, Operations Research & Management Economics, Econometrics & Finance Energy Environmental Science Health Professions Law, Crime, Criminology & Criminal Justice Public Health Social Sciences

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HETEROGENEITY OF JKN-PBI’S IMPACT ON HOUSEHOLD OUT-OF-POCKET HEALTH EXPENDITURES IN INDONESIA Indriani, Ria; Wahyuni, Ribut Nurul Tri
Indonesian Journal of Health Administration (Jurnal Administrasi Kesehatan Indonesia) Vol. 13 No. 2 (2025): December
Publisher : Universitas Airlangga

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20473/jaki.v13i2.2025.182-194

Abstract

Background: The National Health Insurance-Contribution Assistance Recipients (JKN-PBI) participants in Indonesia tended to increase. However, out-of-pocket (OOP) health expenditures among participants did not significantly decrease. This phenomenon may have occurred because the impact of this program on OOP health expenditures varied by household group. Aims: This study investigated the heterogeneity impact of the JKN-PBI program across per capita expenditure quartiles and residential regions in 2024. Methods: The study used data from BPS-Statistics Indonesia. Because the determination of JKN-PBI program recipients was endogenous, this study used the Inverse Propensity Score Weighting (IPW) model. Tobit regression was also applied to accommodate the OOP health expenditure reported as a zero value. Results: Participation in JKN-PBI significantly reduced OOP health expenditures. More nominal reductions occurred in higher quartiles, whereas proportional reductions occurred in lower quartiles.  This outcome indicated that households in the lower quartiles obtained greater health service advantages relative to households in the higher quartiles.  The reduction in OOP health expenditure share was also greater in rural areas. Conclusion: The government must prioritize this program in rural regions and low-income households. In addition, the government needs to identify healthcare service needs by regions and income groups so that the use of the JKN-PBI card is more optimal. Keywords: National Health Insurance Program, Out-of-Pocket Expenditure, Heterogeneous Impact, Inverse Propensity Score Weighting, Tobit Regression
CONFIDENCE SHOCKS IN EMERGING MARKETS AND THEIR GLOBAL CONTAGION: INSIGHTS FROM G-CUBED SIMULATIONS Sofa, Wahyuni Andriana; Wahyuni, Ribut Nurul Tri; Kartiasih, Fitri
Jurnal Ilmiah Ekonomi Bisnis Vol. 30 No. 2 (2025)
Publisher : Universitas Gunadarma

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Abstract

The global economy has begun to recover from the global financial crisis (GFC), which occurred around 10 years ago, according to recent economic statistics.  However, investor confidence has declined in a number of significant emerging markets (EMEs) due to rising interest rates in the US and ongoing trade tensions between the US and China, potentially causing contagion effects worldwide. The worldwide impacts of the financial crisis in certain important EMEs, namely Argentina, Brazil, Turkey, and Russia (ABTR), as well as its widespread impact on raising global investment and consumption risk, are examined in this paper using the G-Cubed model for G-20 nations with six sectors.  According to the findings, because three distinct shocks struck at the same time in ABTR countries—where the initial shock emerged—they experience the most negative short-term effects of the confidence crisis.  The cost of capital rises as a result of the capital outflow from these nations, which causes firms to disinvest or reduce their capital stock. Households across all nations are also more likely to discount future income streams as a result of their increased risk assessment, which promotes more savings and lower spending.  Additionally, both developed and non-shocked emerging countries grew as a result of increased capital inflows, but their trade balances worsened due to exchange rate appreciation, which made the production decline worse.
Dampak Keikutsertaan Program Kartu Prakerja terhadap Keputusan Menjadi Gig Worker dan Pendapatan Gig Worker di Indonesia Wahyuni, Ribut Nurul Tri; Asy-Syifa, Adha
Jurnal Ketenagakerjaan Vol 20 No 3 (2025): Gig Workers
Publisher : Pusat Pengembangan Kebijakan Ketenagakerjaan Kementerian Ketenagakerjaan Republik Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.47198/jnaker.v20i3.539

Abstract

The COVID-19 pandemic caused many individuals to lose their jobs and face economic uncertainty, prompting a shift toward more flexible work arrangements such as gig worker work—freelance jobs based on digital platforms without formal employment contracts. To address the employment impact, the government launched the Kartu Prakerja Program as an effort to enhance skills and support labor adaptation. This study aims to analyze the general characteristics of Kartu Prakerja recipients and examine its impact on individuals’ decisions to become gig workers, as well as its effect on their earnings. The data used in this study come from the August 2024 National Labor Force Survey (Sakernas) by BPS-Statistics Indonesia, employing the Propensity Score Matching (PSM) method to reduce potential estimation bias and the Tobit model to account for censored earnings data. The findings reveal that the Kartu Prakerja Program increases the likelihood of individuals becoming gig workers but reduces their earnings. These results suggest that, although the program effectively facilitates transitions into the digital sector, further evaluation is necessary to ensure its benefits are distributed more evenly, particularly in supporting skill development and earnings growth among gig workers.
Co-Authors Asy-Syifa, Adha Farida Isroani Fitri Kartiasih Lia Yuliana Mustapa, Raisa Meidy Nuriyo, Amalia Ndaru Pelodu, I Gede Ariasa Rahmi, Meautia Rangkuti, Suifatiha Retnaningsih Retnaningsih Ria Indriani Sofa, Wahyuni Andriana Utami, Tarisha Althaf