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Visualization of hyperspectral images on parallel and distributed platform: Apache Spark Zbakh, Abdelali; Bennani, Mohamed Taj; Souri, Adnan; Hichami, Outman El
International Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering (IJECE) Vol 13, No 6: December 2023
Publisher : Institute of Advanced Engineering and Science

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.11591/ijece.v13i6.pp7115-7124

Abstract

The field of hyperspectral image storage and processing has undergone a remarkable evolution in recent years. The visualization of these images represents a challenge as the number of bands exceeds three bands, since direct visualization using the trivial system red, green and blue (RGB) or hue, saturation and lightness (HSL) is not feasible. One potential solution to resolve this problem is the reduction of the dimensionality of the image to three dimensions and thereafter assigning each dimension to a color. Conventional tools and algorithms have become incapable of producing results within a reasonable time. In this paper, we present a new distributed method of visualization of hyperspectral image based on the principal component analysis (PCA) and implemented in a distributed parallel environment (Apache Spark). The visualization of the big hyperspectral images with the proposed method is made in a smaller time and with the same performance as the classical method of visualization.
Comparing Leach protocol and its descendants on transferring scalar data Bennani, Mohamed Taj; Zbakh, Abdelali; El Far, Mohamed; Lamrini, Mohamed; El Hichami, Outman; El Fahssi, Khalid; Satori, Hassan
Indonesian Journal of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science Vol 35, No 1: July 2024
Publisher : Institute of Advanced Engineering and Science

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.11591/ijeecs.v35.i1.pp255-262

Abstract

In the last years, The CMOS was developed and miniaturized rapidly, which, made sensors very fast, small and accurate. Hence, the creation of wireless sensor network (WSN) which are a network of nodes that exchange the data between them until it reaches the sink (base station). It is responsible for treating the data and transfer them to other servers linked to the internet for further treatment or storage. Therefore, everything related to WSN is a big topic of research for scientific community, especially transferring scalar data. In fact, many factors enter into account when it comes to send data like a radio, range of transmission, energy consumption and routing protocol. Routing protocols are very important in transferring data. They also have a big impact on energy consumption by nodes. Many categories of routing protocols exist: planning and level routing. Each type has its strength and weakness points. So, using a routing protocol in high-density environments is very challenging in energy consumption and data delivery. In addition, since level routing protocols like Leach are known for their energy efficiency. We choose three level routing protocol (Leach, MLD-Leach and MRE-Leach) to put them in a harsh environment to test their energy consumption and data transferring. We found that MLD-Leach has better energy consumption and data delivery.