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All Journal International Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering IAES International Journal of Artificial Intelligence (IJ-AI) Bulletin of Electrical Engineering and Informatics Civil Engineering Journal
Abdul Razak, Siti Fatimah
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Civil Engineering, Building, Construction & Architecture Computer Science & IT Electrical & Electronics Engineering Engineering

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Driver-centered pervasive application for heart rate measurement Abdul Razak, Siti Fatimah; Jun Tong, Yong; Yogarayan, Sumendra; Sayed Ismail, Sharifah Noor Masidayu; Chia Sui, Ong
International Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering (IJECE) Vol 14, No 1: February 2024
Publisher : Institute of Advanced Engineering and Science

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.11591/ijece.v14i1.pp1176-1184

Abstract

People spend a significant amount of time daily in the driving seat and some health complexity is possible to happen like heart-related problems, and stroke. Driver’s health conditions may also be attributed to fatigue, drowsiness, or stress levels when driving on the road. Drivers’ health is important to make sure that they are vigilant when they are driving on the road. A driver-centered pervasive application is proposed to monitor a driver’s heart rate while driving. The input will be acquired from the interaction between the driver and embedded sensors at the steering wheel, which is tied to a Bluetooth link with an Android smartphone. The driver can view his historical data easily in tabular or graph form with selected filters using the application since the sensor data are transferred to a real-time database for storage and analysis. The application is coupled with the tool to demonstrate an opportunity as an aftermarket service for vehicles that are not equipped with this technology.
Heat stroke prediction: a perspective from the internet of things and machine learning approach Ke Yin, Lim; Yogarayan, Sumendra; Abdul Razak, Siti Fatimah; Ali Bukar, Umar; Sayeed, Md. Shohel
International Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering (IJECE) Vol 14, No 3: June 2024
Publisher : Institute of Advanced Engineering and Science

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.11591/ijece.v14i3.pp3427-3433

Abstract

With the increasing occurrence of heat-related illnesses due to rising temperatures worldwide, there is a need for effective detection and prediction systems to mitigate the risks. Heat stroke, a life-threatening condition occurs when the body’s temperature exceeds 104 degrees Fahrenheit (40 degrees Celsius). It can happen due to prolonged exposure to temperatures. When the body struggles to cool itself down adequately. The internet of things (IoT) and machine learning (ML) are two advancing technologies that have the potential to revolutionize industries and enhance our lives in numerous ways. Currently, monitoring devices are primarily used to diagnose when individuals suffering from heatstroke are at the location. This paper delves into the exploration of utilizing the IoT and ML algorithms to predict heat strokes. It reviews existing studies in this field, focusing on how IoT has been deployed and the application of machine learning techniques. The research aims to define the integration of IoT devices and ML algorithms that has a great potential to detect and predict heat-related illnesses such as heat stroke at an early stage.
Transfer learning for improved electrocardiogram diagnosis of cardiac disease: exploring the potential of pre-trained models Sayed Ismail, Sharifah Noor Masidayu; Abdul Razak, Siti Fatimah; Ab. Aziz, Nor Azlina
Bulletin of Electrical Engineering and Informatics Vol 13, No 5: October 2024
Publisher : Institute of Advanced Engineering and Science

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.11591/eei.v13i5.7053

Abstract

Predicting the onset of cardiovascular disease (CVD) has been a hot topic for researchers for years, and recently, the concept of transfer learning has been gaining traction in this field. Transfer learning (TL) is a process that involves transferring information gained from one task or domain to another related task or domain. This paper comprehensively reviews recent advancements in pre-trained TL models for CVD, focusing on electrocardiogram (ECG) signals. Forty-three articles were chosen from Scopus and Google Scholar sources and reviewed, focusing on the type of CVD detected, the database used, the ECG input format, and the pre-training model used for transfer learning. The results show that more than 80% of the studies utilize 2-dimensional (2D) ECG input from the two most utilized available ECG datasets: MIT-BIH arrhythmia (ARR) and MIT-BIH normal sinus rhythm. alexnet, visual geometry group (VGG), and residual network (ResNet) are among the pre-trained TL models with the highest number used among reviewed articles. Additionally, the development of pre-trained TL models over time has made it possible to detect CVD with ECG signals. It can also address limited data problems, promote the development of more dependable and resilient detection systems, and aid medical professionals in diagnosing CVD and other diseases.
Vehicle Safety Application through the Integration of Flood Detection and Safe Overtaking in Vehicular Communication Seng, Kwang Chee; Abdul Razak, Siti Fatimah; Yogarayan, Sumendra
Civil Engineering Journal Vol 10, No 9 (2024): September
Publisher : Salehan Institute of Higher Education

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.28991/CEJ-2024-010-09-015

Abstract

Road safety in Malaysia is a major concern due to frequent floods and accidents caused by overtaking. These issues result in significant injuries and losses. In this paper, we introduce a new system called the Safe Driving Tool (SDT). The SDT integrates a Flood Detection System (FDS) and a Vehicle Overtaking System (VOS) using Long-Range (LoRa) communication technology. The FDS continuously monitors water levels in flood-prone areas. It alerts drivers about potential hazards through vehicle-to-infrastructure (V2I) communication. Simultaneously, the VOS enables safe overtaking maneuvers. It does this by exchanging information with nearby vehicles through vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V) communication. Through testing and experimentation, we have shown that the SDT system effectively reduces accident risks and losses associated with floods and overtaking. The system's performance under various conditions confirms the reliability and effectiveness of LoRa communication technology in enhancing vehicular safety. This study represents a significant advancement in road safety. It combines flood detection and overtaking assistance into a single unified system, addressing two major causes of road accidents in Malaysia. The integration of V2I and V2V communication provides a comprehensive solution that improves driver awareness and decision-making. This ultimately leads to safer driving environments and enhanced driver convenience. Doi: 10.28991/CEJ-2024-010-09-015 Full Text: PDF
Driver Drowsiness and Alcohol Detection for Automotive Safety Systems Sivaprakasam, Avenaish; Yogarayan, Sumendra; Mogan, Jashila Nair; Abdul Razak, Siti Fatimah; Azman, Afizan; Raman, Kavilan
Civil Engineering Journal Vol. 11 No. 7 (2025): July
Publisher : Salehan Institute of Higher Education

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.28991/CEJ-2025-011-07-03

Abstract

Driver drowsiness and alcohol impairment are major causes of traffic accidents, making road safety a main concern. This study highlights the importance of addressing these issues through improved driver monitoring technologies. A prototype combining MQ-3 alcohol sensors, and facial detection was created, integrating with IoT via a Raspberry Pi to monitor and alert on drowsiness and alcohol levels. The developments use the NTHU-DDD dataset, which supports a supervised learning approach to develop a reliable drowsiness detection model. The study explored various machine learning algorithms such as Logistic Regression, Support Vector Machine (SVM), Random Forest (RF), K-nearest neighbors (KNN), Gradient Boosting Classifier, and Gaussian Naive Bayes, with Random Forest and Gradient Boosting emerging as top performers, particularly suited to complex non-linear data. The system effectively used supervised learning techniques to differentiate drowsy and non-drowsy images and exhibited consistent accuracy in detecting drowsiness, especially when the driver’s face was centered. However, accuracy decreased when faces were tilted, highlighting areas for refinement. Moreover, the environmental tests on the MQ-3 sensor demonstrated its sensitivity to alcohol presence, even distinguishing the intensity based on beverage type and concentration. The findings underscore the efficacy of using sensor-based technologies in real-world conditions and provide a foundation for optimizing the system's detection capabilities across various scenarios.
IoT-enabled Edge Impulse approach for heat stress prediction in outdoor settings Ke Yin, Lim; Yogarayan, Sumendra; Abdul Razak, Siti Fatimah; Sayeed, Md. Shohel; Bukar, Umar Ali
IAES International Journal of Artificial Intelligence (IJ-AI) Vol 14, No 5: October 2025
Publisher : Institute of Advanced Engineering and Science

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.11591/ijai.v14.i5.pp3934-3944

Abstract

Several international organizations of public health or countries have predicted the rise of heat-related illness cases due to climate change, which result high environment temperature. Previous studies of heat-related illness prediction using internet of things (IoT) and machine learning (ML) are mainly focusing on early detection or prediction of heat stroke incidence. To overcome the problem of heat stress prediction in outdoor settings, especially for an individual, the objective of this study is to identify a prediction method for heat stress using IoT technology and analyze the accuracy of the identified prediction model. Arduino nano 33 BLE sense with Bluetooth low energy (BLE) connectivity, HTS221 embedded environment temperature and humidity sensor, MLX90614 skin temperature sensor, and MAX30100 heart rate sensor were used to build IoT based wearable device. Besides, Python language is used for data pre-processing and data labelling after getting the sensor data from wearable device. Lastly, model training using neural network algorithms was directed in Edge Impulse. The result shows 94.6% of training accuracy with the loss of 0.27 and 90.22% of accuracy in testing set.
Co-Authors Ab. Aziz, Nor Azlina Ali Bukar, Umar Azman, Afizan Bukar, Umar Ali Chia Sui, Ong Jun Tong, Yong Ke Yin, Lim Mogan, Jashila Nair Raman, Kavilan Sayed Ismail, Sharifah Noor Masidayu Sayeed, Md. Shohel Seng, Kwang Chee Sivaprakasam, Avenaish Yogarayan, Sumendra