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All Journal Jurnal Rekayasa Bahan Alam dan Energi Berkelanjutan Journal of Functional Food and Nutraceutical
Widiputri, Diah Indriani
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Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry Chemical Engineering, Chemistry & Bioengineering Energy Environmental Science Nursing

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IMPROVING THE METHODOLOGY OF SQUALENE EXTRACTION FROM PALM FATTY ACID DISTILLATE (PFAD) THROUGH ENHANCED PRE-TREATMENT PROCESS Widiputri, Diah Indriani; Jayaratana, Adianto; Legowo, Evita Herawati
Journal Akademik Universitas Swiss German Vol 1 No 2 (2020)
Publisher : Swiss German University & Perhimpunan Penggiat Pangan Fungsional dan Nutrasetikal Indonesia (P3FNI)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (839.052 KB) | DOI: 10.33555/jffn.v1i2.28

Abstract

Palm Fatty Acid Distillate (PFAD) resulted from refinery process of crude palm oil (CPO) contains some beneficial bioactive compounds such as squalene, which is one of the best natural emollients for pharmaceuticals and cosmetics. The need to overcome the problem with the abundant amount of PFAD as a waste has led to the attempts to extract squalene from PFAD in single and multiple stage processes. However, many impurities such as free fatty acids were still found to be present in the yielded squalene extract. Therefore, in this research an effort to optimize the pre-treatment process prior to the extraction was conducted by applying separation technique to reduce some of the free fatty acid, which did not react during saponification. From this experiment, three different pre-treatment scenarios in single stage extraction showed that the squalene content rose from 5.37 % to 9.32 % when centrifugation was applied. Adding another round of saponification to this method has increased the content even further to 23.94 %. Furthermore, the application of multiple stage extraction could increase the squalene content to 37.45 %. Keywords: Palm Fatty Acid Distillate (PFAD), Squalene, Liquid-liquid Extraction, Multiple stage extraction, Centrifugation process
Energy Requirement Evaluation of Spray Distillation Technology as Green Alternative of Bioethanol Downstream Processing: Evaluasi Kebutuhan Energi dari Teknologi Distilasi Spray sebagai Alternatif Hijau Proses Hilirisasi Bioetanol Kartawiria, Irvan; Widiputri, Diah Indriani
Jurnal Rekayasa Bahan Alam dan Energi Berkelanjutan Vol. 7 No. 1 (2023)
Publisher : Fakultas Teknik, Universitas Brawijaya

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21776/ub.rbaet.2023.007.01.01

Abstract

Bioethanol downstream processing is consuming 40-60% of total energy requirement in production of bioethanol as fuel, with highest consumption being the evaporation and distillation process. One of the technologies currently in development stage is spray distillation. In spray distillation, ethanol-water mixture feed is dispersed as micro droplets into a heated column at 40oC, while counter current air is flown upward to collect the vapor and discharged into condensation column. Since the spray distillation principles has been tested in controlled laboratory scale, this research objective is to evaluate the energy requirement for such process and comparison to conventional distillation. Testing was conducted on 20 L batch stainless steel column distillation and spray distillation of the same capacity. The ethanol concentration in feed was set to 15%-v to simulate fermentation broth, and operating parameters were sets to obtain 80%-v product. Batch distillation was heated using LPG gas and calculation shows that heat requirement 3.34 MJ/L pure ethanol equivalent. Alternatively, spray distillation running with feed rate of 5.05 ml/s at 40oC only requires 2.2-2.6 MJ/L pure ethanol equivalent. The study shows potential of spray distillation technology in reducing the energy requirement in downstream processing of bioethanol to 62-79% of conventional distillation.
Co-Authors Jayaratana, Adianto Kartawiria, Irvan Legowo, Evita Herawati