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ECONOMICS OF BROWN COAL LIQUEFACTION PROCESS FOR BANKO COAL Tamura, Masaaki; Artanto, Yuli; Silalahi, Lambok H
Jurnal Energi dan Lingkungan (Enerlink) Vol 2, No 1 (2006)
Publisher : Badan Pengkajian dan Penerapan Teknologi

Tulisan ini mengenai ringkasan analisis keekonomian pabrik komersial pinoirpencairan batubara Banko yang dibangun di Sumatera Selatan. Pabrik komersialtersebut diasumsikan mempunyai kapasitas of 6,000 t/d, 12,000t/d and 30,000t/dcoal (daf). Sejak batubara Banko ditemukan mahal jika diangkut jarak jauhkarena kadar airnya dan sifat pembakaran spontan, lokasi pabrik darusditempatan di mulut tambang Banko Selatan (Tanjung Agung). Proses gasifikasientrained HYCOAL menggunakan batubara Banko diadopsi untuk pemabngkithydrogen. Produk minyak diangkut dengan dikapalkanmelalui rute pemipaanganda Tanjung Agung/Plaju (approx. 202 km) dan Tanjung Agung/Tanjung Api-Api(sekitar. 265 km). Total batubara Banko yang dibutuhkan pabrik 12,000 t/haritermasuk untuk gasifikasi dan boiler 39,500 ton/hari. Harga batubara diset dalam3 kategori yaitu US$11, US$12, and USD$13 per ton. Biaya konstruksi untukpabrik komersial 6.000, 12.000 and 30.000 ton/hari adalah berturut-turutUS$1.429juta, US$2.521juta, and US$5.385juta (1US$=120yen= Rp.9,500). .Analisa ekonomi berdasarkan metode DCF terhadap pabrik komersial 12,000 tonper hari menghasilkan produk minyak setara minyak mentah senilaiUS$ 22.5/bbl (FOB Plaju) and US$ 22.6/bbl (FOB Tanjung Api-Api) pada tahun2011, saat pabrik mulai beroperasi.Keywords: batubara Banko, HYCOAL, pencairan batubara

PENCAIRAN BATUBARA LIGNIT DAN SUBBITUMINOUS DENGAN DUA SISTEM REAKTAN BERBEDA TANPA KATALIS DAN PELARUT Artanto, Yuli; Hartiniati, Hartiniati
Jurnal Energi dan Lingkungan (Enerlink) Vol 5, No 2 (2009)
Publisher : Badan Pengkajian dan Penerapan Teknologi

This study of coal liquefaction in the absence of catalyst and solvent wasconducted. In this research a comparison of two different coals was carried out tosee characteristic of each coal on the liquefaction reaction. The effect ofhydrogen and CO/H2O were also checked to understand the mechanism of theprocess. Lignite or brown coal from Tanjung Enim and sub bituminous coal fromEast Kalimantan are used in this study. The results suggest that increase in coalrank from lignite to sub bituminous did not alter the conversion significantly.Surprisingly, the reduction in conversion of sub bituminous coal by its inorganicand mineral content noted for hydrogenation reactions (with added tetralin) is notobserved in CO/H2O reactions. For lignite, there is a tendency for conversion toincrease.Kata kunci: lignit, sub bituminous coal, non solvent hydrogenation

PERBANDINGAN KARAKTERISTIK PENCAIRAN BATUBARA BANKO DAN YALLOURN SEBAGAI EFEK DARI PERUBAHAN SUPLAI HIDROGEN Artanto, Yuli; Yusnitati, Yusnitati
Jurnal Energi dan Lingkungan (Enerlink) Vol 4, No 1 (2008)
Publisher : Badan Pengkajian dan Penerapan Teknologi

A comparison of liquefaction characteristic of two brown coals (South Banko andYallourn coals) was studied. A 5L autoclave batch reactor was used under thecondition with temperature at 450 oC , reaction holding time 60 minutes. Theinitial hydrogen pressure was varied to compare the effect of different reactionpressure on the product perolehans. The oil yield for Banko Selatan and Yallournincreased 6% and 18%, respectively, by increasing initial hydrogen pressurefrom 10 MPa to 15 MPa. However in accordance with increasing pressure from15 MPa to 20 MPa, the yield did not change remarkably. On the other hand, theCLB perolehan was significantly decreased for both coals when the pressure wasincreased from 10 to 15MPa. Moreover, the CLB yield was abruptly decreasedwhen the hydrogen pressure drastically change to 20Mpa. It was found that theincreasing reaction pressure only affected to the yield of hydrocarbon gas slightlybut remarkably influenced the CO and CO2 gas production for Yallourn coal butnot for South Banko coal.Kata Kunci: coal liquefaction, south banko coal, yallourn coal, oil yield

PENGARUH WAKTU REAKSI TERHADAP KARAKTERISTIK PENCAIRAN BATUBARA BANKO SELATAN Artanto, Yuli; Yusnitati, Yusnitati
Jurnal Energi dan Lingkungan (Enerlink) Vol 2, No 1 (2006)
Publisher : Badan Pengkajian dan Penerapan Teknologi

Investigation of Limonite for catalyst on South Banko coal liquefaction werecarried out under standard condition which has developed by BPPT.Limonite Soroako is a natural mineral that found at Nickel Mining onSoroako, South Sulawesi. Four samples of limonite was examined using 5Lautoclave at our coal liquefaction laboratory in order to investigate theisactivities to produce high distillate yield at standard condition (450oC, 9MPacold H2). The results showed that limonite SYY-E-MY gave a higher distillateyield than those of other limonite (difference about 10-30%daf coal or%bkta). Further investigations were conducted to compare with othercatalysts: synthetic g ?FeOOH and pyrite (FeS2). Again, the activity of limonitS99-E-MY was still superior compared to those of synthetic and pyritecatalysts. The yield difference was about 10-16%daf coal or %bkta).Experiment revealed that the factor of FeOOH critically affected the coalliquefaction reaction to improve the distillate yield and to reduce CLB yield.Besides, the representative of Co metal in the limonite (?5-10 %bk) couldgive synergism effect with FeOOH to improve the activity of limonite.

KOMPARASI KARAKTERISTIK PENCAIRAN BATUBARA BANKO SELATAN DAN YALLOURN AKIBAT PERUBAHAN TEMPERATUR Artanto, Yuli; Hartiniati, Hartiniati
Jurnal Energi dan Lingkungan (Enerlink) Vol 3, No 1 (2007)
Publisher : Badan Pengkajian dan Penerapan Teknologi

A coal liqueafaction test was carried out to investigate the reactivity of anIndonesian brown coal, called South Banko, and an Australian brown coal, calledYallourn. The liquefaction reaction was conducted to ascertain the effect ofreaction temperature on the reactivity of both brown coals and it represents onthe oil, CLB, CO+CO2 and C1~C4 yields. The result shows that South Banko coalis more reactive than Yallourn coal. South Banko coal gives a higher oil yieldthan that of Yallourn. Oil derived from South Banko coal increases as reactiontemperature rises. In contrast, oil derived from Yallourn decreased as reactiontemperature increased. This result indicated that South Banko has more labilestructure than that of Yallourn and it can easily break down the structure of SouthBanko coal. In term of hydrocarbon gas, Yallourn produces higher yield than thatof South Banko. This suggests that Yallourn coal has alkyl groups in its structure.It was also found that CO+CO2 yields are similar to both brown coals. SouthBanko has less CLB yield than that of Yallourn but the CLB yield of South Bankocoal is higher than that of Yallourn while temperature is increased to 470oC. Inshort, the study shows that South Banko coal is more reactive than that ofYallourn coal and it is very potential for the coal liquefaction feedstock.Kata kunci: batubara muda, Banko Selatan, Yallourn, distillate yield, CLB,CO+CO2,C1-C4, feedstock

EFEK KATALITIK NATRIUM-ALO2 PADA PROSES PENCAIRAN BATUBARA TANPA PELARUT HIDROGEN DONOR Artanto, Yuli; Yusnitati, Yusnitati
Jurnal Energi dan Lingkungan (Enerlink) Vol 2, No 2 (2006)
Publisher : Badan Pengkajian dan Penerapan Teknologi

Indonesian brown coal, South Banko coal, was liquefied into oil in the presence ofcarbon monoxide and water using alkali base catalyst, NaAlO2. Liquefaction testwas carried out using microautoclave in the absence of donor solvent. Experimentwas conducted at 365oC and 400oC in order to examine the effect of temperatureon coal conversions.Kata kunci: south banko, brown coal, liquefaction, catalyst, donor solvent

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