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All Journal Andalas Journal of International Studies Politicos: Jurnal Politik Dan Pemerintahan Jurnal Ilmu Politik dan Pemerintahan
Hanafi, Muhammad Riza
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Securitization, Desecuritization, and Resecuritization of Labor Issues in Saudi Arabia Hanafi, Muhammad Riza; Noviryani, Mely
Politicos: Jurnal Politik Dan Pemerintahan Vol. 4 No. 1 (2024): Politicos: Jurnal Politik Dan Pemerintahan
Publisher : Universitas Warmadewa

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22225/politicos.4.1.2024.45-55

Abstract

The presence of Indonesian Workers (TKI) abroad, especially in the Middle East Region, is between the devil and the deep sea. Apart from reducing the government's responsibility to improve the economy by providing job opportunities, their presence also adds to the country's foreign exchange. However, on the other hand, the presence of TKI also adds to the problems caused by the lack of adequate legal protection, inadequate security and welfare guarantees, as well as the ups and downs of Indonesia's bilateral relations with the countries where they work as a result of the problems caused by the TKI themselves. Several policies related to sending migrant workers to the Middle East have been adopted since the time of President Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono. However, a firm policy was only taken during the administration of President Joko Widodo with the issuance of Minister of Manpower Decree number 260 of 2015 which stopped and prohibited the placement of Indonesian workers with individual users in Middle Eastern countries. This policy can also be seen as a policy that is outside the norm considering that the Middle East is the most popular region for migrant workers. This research attempts to explain how the ups and downs of the TKI issue are seen from a security perspective using a constructivist approach. This process, which the Copenhagen School calls securitization, attempts to place threats and objects that must be secured as products of the process of social interaction. This research will also look at how securitization occurs which is then followed by desecuritization and in its development becomes resecuritization.
Federalisme sebagai Alat Resolusi Konflik: Studi Kasus Bougainville, Papua Nugini Hanafi, Muhammad Riza
Jurnal Ilmu Politik dan Pemerintahan Vol 9, No 2 (2023): (November) Jurnal Ilmu Politik dan Pemerintahan
Publisher : Faculty of Social and Political Science, Universitas Siliwangi

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.37058/jipp.v9i2.8834

Abstract

Bougainville is an autonomous region in Papua New Guinea which gained its autonomy through The Bougainville Peace Agreement (BPA). The conflict between the Bougainville Revolutionary Forces and the Papua New Guinean army was the worst in the South Pacific Region after World War II. The number of victims is estimated at 20,000 people. This conflict, which has been going on since before PNG became independent, was triggered by the mining issue which is intertwined with land ownership traditions. Civil war broke out in 1988 and ended in 1998 when both parties agreed to make peace. In 2001, Bougainville Peace Agreement was signed, and federalism became one of the "recipes" for resolving the conflict through the provision of broad autonomy on Bougainville. However, in 2019 a referendum was held, and 98 percent of citizens voted for separation from PNG. This research discusses federalism as a conflict resolution tool and questioning why it is not sufficient in the case of Bougainville. This paper will use literature study as research method.
Dukungan Vanuatu Terhadap Kemerdekaan West Papua: Tinjauan Konstruktivisme Holistik Hanafi, Muhammad Riza; Annahda, Isnin Nabila
Andalas Journal of International Studies (AJIS) Vol 11, No 1 (2022): Published in May 2022
Publisher : Andalas Institute of International Studies UNAND

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.25077/ajis.11.1.1-13.2022

Abstract

Vanuatu is one of several Melanesian countries that has been consistently supporting the independence of West Papua. Vanuatu's stance is a form of Melanesian solidarity against colonialism that based on a regional value known as Melanesian Way. Introduced by Bernard Narokobi, a Papua New Guinean philosopher and poet, Melanesian Way brought by several students of Vanuatu that studied at University of Papua New Guinean. This nationalist ideology then become the spirit or anti colonialization in Vanuatu. This ideology will be discussed in this article as identity that construct Vanuatu interest in supporting the independence of West Papua.  This study applied a holistic constructivism approach to assessing how Vanuatu's identity can influence its stance in supporting West Papua’s independence from 2010-2019. From the two variables of holistic constructivism approach, the domestic and the systemic level, it was found that the domestic level had a bigger role in shaping Vanuatu's stance on West Papua’s independence. This means that Vanuatu's identity and interests are endogenously shaped in which corporate identity has a more important role than social identity.Keywords : Vanuatu, West Papua, Melanesian Way, Holistic Constructivism, identity
Securitization, Desecuritization, and Resecuritization of Labor Issues in Saudi Arabia Hanafi, Muhammad Riza; Noviryani, Mely
Politicos: Jurnal Politik Dan Pemerintahan 45-55
Publisher : Universitas Warmadewa

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22225/politicos.4.1.2024.45-55

Abstract

The presence of Indonesian Workers (TKI) abroad, especially in the Middle East Region, is between the devil and the deep sea. Apart from reducing the government's responsibility to improve the economy by providing job opportunities, their presence also adds to the country's foreign exchange. However, on the other hand, the presence of TKI also adds to the problems caused by the lack of adequate legal protection, inadequate security and welfare guarantees, as well as the ups and downs of Indonesia's bilateral relations with the countries where they work as a result of the problems caused by the TKI themselves. Several policies related to sending migrant workers to the Middle East have been adopted since the time of President Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono. However, a firm policy was only taken during the administration of President Joko Widodo with the issuance of Minister of Manpower Decree number 260 of 2015 which stopped and prohibited the placement of Indonesian workers with individual users in Middle Eastern countries. This policy can also be seen as a policy that is outside the norm considering that the Middle East is the most popular region for migrant workers. This research attempts to explain how the ups and downs of the TKI issue are seen from a security perspective using a constructivist approach. This process, which the Copenhagen School calls securitization, attempts to place threats and objects that must be secured as products of the process of social interaction. This research will also look at how securitization occurs which is then followed by desecuritization and in its development becomes resecuritization.
Co-Authors Annahda, Isnin Nabila Noviryani, Mely