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All Journal Andalas Journal of International Studies Jurnal Ilmu Politik dan Pemerintahan
Hanafi, Muhammad Riza
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Federalisme sebagai Alat Resolusi Konflik: Studi Kasus Bougainville, Papua Nugini Hanafi, Muhammad Riza
Jurnal Ilmu Politik dan Pemerintahan Vol 9, No 2 (2023): (November) Jurnal Ilmu Politik dan Pemerintahan
Publisher : Faculty of Social and Political Science, Universitas Siliwangi

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.37058/jipp.v9i2.8834

Abstract

Bougainville is an autonomous region in Papua New Guinea which gained its autonomy through The Bougainville Peace Agreement (BPA). The conflict between the Bougainville Revolutionary Forces and the Papua New Guinean army was the worst in the South Pacific Region after World War II. The number of victims is estimated at 20,000 people. This conflict, which has been going on since before PNG became independent, was triggered by the mining issue which is intertwined with land ownership traditions. Civil war broke out in 1988 and ended in 1998 when both parties agreed to make peace. In 2001, Bougainville Peace Agreement was signed, and federalism became one of the "recipes" for resolving the conflict through the provision of broad autonomy on Bougainville. However, in 2019 a referendum was held, and 98 percent of citizens voted for separation from PNG. This research discusses federalism as a conflict resolution tool and questioning why it is not sufficient in the case of Bougainville. This paper will use literature study as research method.
Dukungan Vanuatu Terhadap Kemerdekaan West Papua: Tinjauan Konstruktivisme Holistik Hanafi, Muhammad Riza; Annahda, Isnin Nabila
Andalas Journal of International Studies (AJIS) Vol 11, No 1 (2022): Published in May 2022
Publisher : Andalas Institute of International Studies UNAND

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.25077/ajis.11.1.1-13.2022

Abstract

Vanuatu is one of several Melanesian countries that has been consistently supporting the independence of West Papua. Vanuatu's stance is a form of Melanesian solidarity against colonialism that based on a regional value known as Melanesian Way. Introduced by Bernard Narokobi, a Papua New Guinean philosopher and poet, Melanesian Way brought by several students of Vanuatu that studied at University of Papua New Guinean. This nationalist ideology then become the spirit or anti colonialization in Vanuatu. This ideology will be discussed in this article as identity that construct Vanuatu interest in supporting the independence of West Papua.  This study applied a holistic constructivism approach to assessing how Vanuatu's identity can influence its stance in supporting West Papua’s independence from 2010-2019. From the two variables of holistic constructivism approach, the domestic and the systemic level, it was found that the domestic level had a bigger role in shaping Vanuatu's stance on West Papua’s independence. This means that Vanuatu's identity and interests are endogenously shaped in which corporate identity has a more important role than social identity.Keywords : Vanuatu, West Papua, Melanesian Way, Holistic Constructivism, identity
Co-Authors Annahda, Isnin Nabila Noviryani, Mely