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All Journal Jurnal Ternak Tropika Jurnal Nutrisi Ternak Tropis (JNT)
Ridhowi, Aswah
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Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry Biochemistry, Genetics & Molecular Biology Chemical Engineering, Chemistry & Bioengineering Immunology & microbiology Veterinary

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Prediction of Milk Yield and Lactation Curve from Early-Stage Milk Recording Data: A Comparative Analysis of Three Mathematical Models in Tropical Smallholder Dairies Ridhowi, Aswah; Djoharjani, Trianti; Maylinda, Sucik
TERNAK TROPIKA Journal of Tropical Animal Production Vol. 26 No. 1 (2025): TERNAK TROPIKA Journal of Tropical Animal Production
Publisher : Jurusan Produksi Ternak, Fakultas Peternakan, Universitas Brawijaya

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21776/ub.jtapro.2025.026.01.9

Abstract

Accurate milk yield prediction is essential for effective dairy herd management, particularly in smallholder dairy where daily milk recording is often limited. Predictive models that can estimate total milk yield during one lactation period using early-stage recording data offer a practical solution to support decision-making in such environments. This study aimed to evaluate the predictive performance of three mathematical models, i.e incomplete gamma function model , orthogonal polynomial contrast model , and non-linear regression model for estimating total milk production during lactation in dairy cows. Milk yield data were obtained from 164 Holstein-Friesian cows across five lactation parities at a dairy cooperative in East Java, Indonesia. Milk production records over the first three months (13  weeks) of lactation were used to estimate total 305-day (44 weeks) milk yield using three predictive mathematical models, each fitted with parity-specific constants (a, b, c). Model performance was evaluated by comparing predicted and actual milk yields, using absolute and percentage errors as accuracy metrics. All models demonstrated acceptable predictive ability under weekly data conditions, with average percentage errors below 10%. The incomplete gamma function model showed the highest predictive accuracy and stability with lowest deviation (average deviation: 274.67 L; 6.17%), followed by orthogonal polynomial contrast model (324.43 L; 7.29%) and non-linear regression model (346.27 L; 7.78%). Those mathematical model exhibited stronger alignment with biological lactation patterns, and more sensitive to variation across parities. Frequent data collection enhances the accuracy of milk yield predictions. The incomplete gamma function model is recommended for initial milk yield prediction in smallholder dairy systems, offering an optimal balance between flexibility and biological plausibility. These findings support the integration of predictive modeling into routine herd management practices to improve productivity and sustainability.
Milk Production, Lactation Curve and Persistency of Friesian Holstein Cows in Smallholder Dairy Farms Ridhowi, Aswah; Djoharjani, Trianti; Maylinda, Sucik
TERNAK TROPIKA Journal of Tropical Animal Production Vol. 27 No. 1 (2026): TERNAK TROPIKA Journal of Tropical Animal Production
Publisher : Jurusan Produksi Ternak, Fakultas Peternakan, Universitas Brawijaya

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21776/ub.jtapro.2026.027.01.10

Abstract

This study aimed to evaluate milk production, lactation curve characteristics, and lactation persistency of Friesian Holstein cows reared under tropical smallholder dairy farming conditions. Milk production data were collected from 164 lactating cows across five lactation periods during a 305-day lactation. Cows were milked twice daily, and weekly average milk yields were used to describe lactation curves and persistency patterns. The results showed that milk production increased progressively from the first to the third lactation and declined during the fourth and fifth lactations. The highest total milk production was observed in the third lactation (5539.6 L), while the first lactation showed the lowest yield (3649.1 L). All lactation groups exhibited a typical lactation curve pattern, characterized by rapid milk yield increase after calving, peak production during weeks 4 – 7, and gradual decline thereafter. Lactation persistency was better in first- and second-lactation cows less than 8%, with lower monthly production declines compared to older cows. Milk production decline accelerated 9.25% after five months of gestation, indicating reduced persistency during late pregnancy. Incorporating lactation period and gestation stage into nutritional and reproductive management programs may help optimize milk production and lactation persistency. Such strategies can contribute to improved productivity and economic efficiency in tropical smallholder dairy farms.
Legume Diversity and Species Composition in the Agroedupark of Tribhuwana Tunggadewi University, Malang, Indonesia, with a Literature-Based Assessment of Forage Potential Halaku, Defriko U. T.; Susanti, Sri; Thiasari, Nurita; Ridhowi, Aswah
Jurnal Nutrisi Ternak Tropis Vol. 9 No. 2 (2026): JNT Jurnal Nutrisi Ternak Tropis September
Publisher : Faculty of Animal Science, Universitas Brawijaya

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21776/

Abstract

Legumes are potential forage sources for livestock due to their relatively high protein content and ability to improve soil fertility through nitrogen fixation. Information on legume diversity and forage potential in the Agroedupark of Tribhuwana Tunggadewi University, Malang, East Java, Indonesia, remains limited. This study aimed to identify legume species, analyze species composition and diversity, and evaluate their potential as livestock feed sources. A complete-area inventory was conducted within an observation area of approximately 10,000 m² (1 ha), which was divided into 16 contiguous plots measuring 25 × 25 m each. All legume plants within the plots were recorded and identified based on their morphological characteristics. Species composition was expressed as the relative abundance of each species, and diversity was assessed using the Shannon–Wiener index (H′). Forage potential was evaluated through a literature review considering nutritional composition, reported livestock responses, antinutritional compounds and potential toxicity, and recommended inclusion levels. The inventory identified 11 legume species comprising 432 individuals. Mimosa pudica was the most abundant species based on the recorded number of individuals, with 127 individuals (29.39%), followed by Calliandra calothyrsus with 93 (21.53%) and Leucaena leucocephala with 55 (12.73%). The Shannon–Wiener diversity index (H′) was 1.94, indicating moderate legume diversity. Several species, including Leucaena leucocephala, Gliricidia sepium, and Calliandra calothyrsus, showed relatively high forage potential based on their nutritional characteristics and reported utilization. In contrast, Mimosa pudica had limited forage value based on its low palatability, relatively low crude protein content, and the presence of mimosine. Other identified species also showed potential as livestock forage based on available literature, although their utilization should consider nutritional value, antinutritional compounds, palatability, digestibility, and appropriate inclusion levels. These findings provide baseline information for the potential utilization and development of selected local legumes as livestock feed resources.
Co-Authors Djoharjani, Trianti Halaku, Defriko U. T. Nurita Thiasari Sri Susanti Sucik Maylinda