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All Journal Rekayasa Sipil Jurnal Proyek Teknik Sipil Jurnal Rekayasa Sipil J-Sil (Jurnal Teknik Sipil dan Lingkungan)
Suwarto, Fardzanela
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Civil Engineering, Building, Construction & Architecture Earth & Planetary Sciences Engineering Environmental Science Transportation

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Journal : Rekayasa Sipil

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Optimization of Strong Compressive Strength of Environmentally Friendly Paving Blocks through Substitution of Cow Bone Powder and PET Plastic Waste as Additives Chayrunnisa, Adelia; Setyaningrum, Aprilia Nur Dwi; Suwarto, Fardzanela; Putri, Dita Mentari
Rekayasa Sipil Vol. 19 No. 3 (2025): Rekayasa Sipil Vol. 19 No. 3
Publisher : Department of Civil Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universitas Brawijaya

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21776/ub.rekayasasipil.2025.019.03.4

Abstract

Cracks caused by excessive loads that exceed compressive strength remain a major issue when applying paving blocks. This study aims to develop environmentally friendly paving blocks by utilizing PET plastic waste and cattle bone powder as substitute materials, and to evaluate their effect on the compressive strength characteristics of paving blocks. Cattle bone powder was used as a partial cement substitute in proportions of 0%, 15%, 20%, and 25%, while PET plastic waste was used as a partial sand substitute at 0%, 5%, 10%, and 15%, intended to fill micro-voids in the concrete mixture. The paving block samples were rectangular, measuring 20 × 10.5 × 6 cm. Based on compressive strength test results at 7 days, converted to 28 days, the highest strength value was achieved with the mixture containing 15% cattle bone powder and 5% PET, reaching 29.22 MPa—meeting the SNI 03-0691-1996 quality standard for Class B. The lowest compressive strength was recorded in the mixture with 20% cattle bone powder and 15% PET plastic, at 6.89 MPa. The lowest water absorption value was found in the mix with 0% cattle bone powder and 5% PET, at 2.79%, while the highest water absorption occurred in the mixture with 25% cattle bone powder and 15% PET, at 8.06%.
Enhancing Red Brick Quality Using Corn Cob Ash and Blood Clam Shell Powder Adisti, Najeelina Putri; Yaqub, Muhammad Ardhiansyah Sofyan; Fauziyah, Shifa; Suwarto, Fardzanela
Rekayasa Sipil Vol. 19 No. 3 (2025): Rekayasa Sipil Vol. 19 No. 3
Publisher : Department of Civil Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universitas Brawijaya

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21776/ub.rekayasasipil.2025.019.03.6

Abstract

Problems related to the quality of red bricks are still frequently encountered, particularly cracks or damage that occur during the firing process. To minimize these problems, efforts are needed to improve the quality of bricks through material innovation. This study aims to analyze the optimal mixture composition by substituting corn cob ash and adding blood clam shell powder to produce red bricks. Corn cob ash is used as a substitute material to reduce water absorption, with variations of 3%, 4%, and 5%, while blood clam shell powder is added at 5% to enhance compressive strength. The research method used was experimental, where the sample production process was conducted directly at the production site. A total of 21 test specimens were prepared with dimensions of 220 mm × 95 mm × 45 mm. Testing was conducted in accordance with the SNI 15-2094-2000 standard, including testing of physical properties, size, water absorption, density, and compressive strength. The research results showed that the most optimal mixture was found in variation 7, consisting of 95% clay, 5% corn cob ash, and 5% blood clam shell powder. This composition produced bricks with water absorption of 18.06%, density of 1.3 g/cm³, and average compressive strength of 42.98 kg/cm². However, this innovation requires higher production costs compared to conventional red bricks.
Co-Authors Adisti, Najeelina Putri Anjang Nugroho, Anjang Bagus Hario Setiadji Chayrunnisa, Adelia Chusnul Arif Hartono Hartono LUKMAN, LUKMAN Muhammad fauzan Nurjihad C, Fajar Putri, Dita Mentari Setyaningrum, Aprilia Nur Dwi Shifa Fauziyah Supriyono Supriyono Tri Sudibyo Yaqub, Muhammad Ardhiansyah Sofyan