Garuda - Garba Rujukan Digital

CHEMICAL SPECIFICATIONS FOR RAW MATERIALS USED IN THE KUFA CEMENT INDUSTRY IN IRAQ Al-Naffakh, Jameel; Al-Fahham, Mohammed; Jafar, Israa
International Journal of Environment, Engineering and Education Vol 2 No 1 (2020)
Publisher : Three E Science Institute

This paper aims to provide background information on raw materials included in the cement industry that have chemically examined. The raw materials entering the factory examined, which include stone, crude oil, iron dust, sand, and gypsum, as it found that the total carbonate ratio is 89 percent as a weight ratio and the sulfide is smaller or equal to 1 percent as a weight ratio, and the magnesium carbonate is smaller or equal to 3 percent. For iron dust with sand, the total carbonates of the mixture were smaller or equal to 85 percent, and magnesium carbonate was smaller or equal to 3 percent. Silica oxide also examined in the sand were the results of the examination were greater than 85 percent. For sulfide oxide smaller than 1 percent, as well as for iron dust, the proportion of oxide Ferric is higher than 55 percent, the percentage of alumina oxide is less than 10 percent, silica oxide is less than 20 percent, as well as for crude oil, as it contains less than 4 percent of sulfide oxide, as well as primary and secondary gypsum examination, and it found that sulfide oxide is greater than 31 percent if the gypsum is Secondary and greater than 42 percent if the gypsum is primary. Materials are non-soluble smaller than 8 percent if it was secondary gypsum and less than 5 percent if the primary gypsum. Where these models examined and analyzed, and the storage location of the models examined was determined.

Process and Impact of Combustion on Cement Oxide Minerals: An Experimental Study Al-Naffakh, Jameel; Jafar, Israa
International Journal of Environment, Engineering & Education Vol 2 No 2 (2020)
Publisher : Three E Science Institute

The main stages of the primary materials are that feed the furnaces to form the mineral compounds of cement, which are the stage of drying the materials from water at a temperature of 100 degree Celsius and moving to the crystallization area at a temperature of 550 degree Celsius. Thus, the free lime begins to break down the calcium carbonate by interacting with silica and clay compounds to form (C2S) at a temperature 900 degree Celsius. In the transition region at a temperature of 1260 degree Celsius begins the formation of liquid compounds (C3A, C4AF), where the formation of a compound (C2S) continues and begins to form a compound (C3S). When the temperature rises at 1450 degree Celsius, the formation of the vehicles is complete, and this depends on the quality of the blended raw materials that affect the life of the firing blocks and the fuel consumption. As for the silica coefficient, it has a major role in determining the clinker quality, as the best silica coefficient (2.7) was obtained, as well as the best coefficient of alumina (1.38), as well as obtaining the best lime saturation coefficient (0.96) and the percentage of magnesium oxide not exceeding 5 percent, thus stabilizing the ratio Magnesium oxide to form the best burning plants (108). The difference in the concentration of substances leads to an incomplete chemical reaction and this affects the size of the resulting crystals.

Chemical Specifications for Raw Materials Used in The Kufa Cement Industry in Iraq Al-Naffakh, Jameel; Al-Fahham, Mohammed; Jafar, Israa
International Journal of Environment, Engineering & Education Vol 2 No 1 (2020)
Publisher : Three E Science Institute

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.3767451

This paper aims to provide background information on raw materials included in the cement industry that have chemically examined. The raw materials entering the factory examined, which include stone, crude oil, iron dust, sand, and gypsum, as it found that the total carbonate ratio is 89 percent as a weight ratio and the sulfide is smaller or equal to 1 percent as a weight ratio, and the magnesium carbonate is smaller or equal to 3 percent. For iron dust with sand, the total carbonates of the mixture were smaller or equal to 85 percent, and magnesium carbonate was smaller or equal to 3 percent. Silica oxide also examined in the sand were the results of the examination were greater than 85 percent. For sulfide oxide smaller than 1 percent, as well as for iron dust, the proportion of oxide Ferric is higher than 55 percent, the percentage of alumina oxide is less than 10 percent, silica oxide is less than 20 percent, as well as for crude oil, as it contains less than 4 percent of sulfide oxide, as well as primary and secondary gypsum examination, and it found that sulfide oxide is greater than 31 percent if the gypsum is Secondary and greater than 42 percent if the gypsum is primary. Materials are non-soluble smaller than 8 percent if it was secondary gypsum and less than 5 percent if the primary gypsum. Where these models examined and analyzed, and the storage location of the models examined was determined.

Process and Impact of Combustion on Cement Oxide Minerals: An Experimental Study Al-Naffakh, Jameel; Jafar, Israa
International Journal of Environment, Engineering & Education Vol 2 No 2 (2020)
Publisher : Three E Science Institute

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.4010096

The main stages of the primary materials are that feed the furnaces to form the mineral compounds of cement, which are the stage of drying the materials from water at a temperature of 100 degree Celsius and moving to the crystallization area at a temperature of 550 degree Celsius. Thus, the free lime begins to break down the calcium carbonate by interacting with silica and clay compounds to form (C2S) at a temperature 900 degree Celsius. In the transition region at a temperature of 1260 degree Celsius begins the formation of liquid compounds (C3A, C4AF), where the formation of a compound (C2S) continues and begins to form a compound (C3S). When the temperature rises at 1450 degree Celsius, the formation of the vehicles is complete, and this depends on the quality of the blended raw materials that affect the life of the firing blocks and the fuel consumption. As for the silica coefficient, it has a major role in determining the clinker quality, as the best silica coefficient (2.7) was obtained, as well as the best coefficient of alumina (1.38), as well as obtaining the best lime saturation coefficient (0.96) and the percentage of magnesium oxide not exceeding 5 percent, thus stabilizing the ratio Magnesium oxide to form the best burning plants (108). The difference in the concentration of substances leads to an incomplete chemical reaction and this affects the size of the resulting crystals.

Decorative Flame Behavior Study in Visualizing Wavelengths and Frequency: Ruben's Tube Construction Experiment Jameel, Ahmad T.; Al-Qasaab, Mohammed R.; Al-Naffakh, Jameel
International Journal of Environment, Engineering & Education Vol 3 No 2 (2021)
Publisher : Three E Science Institute

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar

Sound waves are very frequent in everyday life, although they are never seen. The particles of the average vibrations are parallel to the direction of propagation of the wave. In this article, the effect of changing the frequency of the sound wave on standing waves was investigated with different hertz frequencies to show technical images that can be visually translated to give fundamental predictions about the origin of the musical combinations, as it was proved that the sound is a pressure wave by giving the vibrations one side while the gas is released the other side. To obtain accurate results, the variables were fixed in the experiment as the type of gas supplied for the same experiments. It is also installed so that the distance between the diaphragm and the amplifier does not differ. The results analyzed after numerous data collection and calculations verify that the generated wavelength and frequency are directly proportional. As the frequency specified in Hz increased, the number of inverse nodes and nodes also increased. Obtaining standing waves helps to understand the nature of sound as a pressure wave, and to give all the details about the experiment and evaluate it. Sources of error and possible solutions to overcome these problems are also mentioned.

Decorative Flame Behavior Study in Visualizing Wavelengths and Frequency: Ruben's Tube Construction Experiment Jameel, Ahmad T.; Al-Qasaab, Mohammed R.; Al-Naffakh, Jameel
International Journal of Environment, Engineering & Education Vol 3 No 2 (2021)
Publisher : Three E Science Institute

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.5339376

Sound waves are very frequent in everyday life, although they are never seen. The particles of the average vibrations are parallel to the direction of propagation of the wave. In this article, the effect of changing the frequency of the sound wave on standing waves was investigated with different hertz frequencies to show technical images that can be visually translated to give fundamental predictions about the origin of the musical combinations, as it was proved that the sound is a pressure wave by giving the vibrations one side while the gas is released the other side. To obtain accurate results, the variables were fixed in the experiment as the type of gas supplied for the same experiments. It is also installed so that the distance between the diaphragm and the amplifier does not differ. The results analyzed after numerous data collection and calculations verify that the generated wavelength and frequency are directly proportional. As the frequency specified in Hz increased, the number of inverse nodes and nodes also increased. Obtaining standing waves helps to understand the nature of sound as a pressure wave, and to give all the details about the experiment and evaluate it. Sources of error and possible solutions to overcome these problems are also mentioned.

Chemical Specifications for Raw Materials Used in The Kufa Cement Industry in Iraq Al-Naffakh, Jameel; Al-Fahham, Mohammed; Jafar, Israa
International Journal of Environment, Engineering and Education Vol. 2 No. 1 (2020)
Publisher : Three E Science Institute

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.55151/ijeedu.v2i1.23

This paper aims to provide background information on raw materials included in the cement industry that have chemically examined. The raw materials entering the factory examined, which include stone, crude oil, iron dust, sand, and gypsum, as it found that the total carbonate ratio is 89 percent as a weight ratio and the sulfide is smaller or equal to 1 percent as a weight ratio, and the magnesium carbonate is smaller or equal to 3 percent. For iron dust with sand, the total carbonates of the mixture were smaller or equal to 85 percent, and magnesium carbonate was smaller or equal to 3 percent. Silica oxide also examined in the sand were the results of the examination were greater than 85 percent. For sulfide oxide smaller than 1 percent, as well as for iron dust, the proportion of oxide Ferric is higher than 55 percent, the percentage of alumina oxide is less than 10 percent, silica oxide is less than 20 percent, as well as for crude oil, as it contains less than 4 percent of sulfide oxide, as well as primary and secondary gypsum examination, and it found that sulfide oxide is greater than 31 percent if the gypsum is Secondary and greater than 42 percent if the gypsum is primary. Materials are non-soluble smaller than 8 percent if it was secondary gypsum and less than 5 percent if the primary gypsum. Where these models examined and analyzed, and the storage location of the models examined was determined.

Process and Impact of Combustion on Cement Oxide Minerals: An Experimental Study Al-Naffakh, Jameel; Jafar, Israa
International Journal of Environment, Engineering and Education Vol. 2 No. 2 (2020)
Publisher : Three E Science Institute

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.55151/ijeedu.v2i2.24

The main stages of the primary materials are that feed the furnaces to form the mineral compounds of cement, which are the stage of drying the materials from water at a temperature of 100 degree Celsius and moving to the crystallization area at a temperature of 550 degree Celsius. Thus, the free lime begins to break down the calcium carbonate by interacting with silica and clay compounds to form (C2S) at a temperature 900 degree Celsius. In the transition region at a temperature of 1260 degree Celsius begins the formation of liquid compounds (C3A, C4AF), where the formation of a compound (C2S) continues and begins to form a compound (C3S). When the temperature rises at 1450 degree Celsius, the formation of the vehicles is complete, and this depends on the quality of the blended raw materials that affect the life of the firing blocks and the fuel consumption. As for the silica coefficient, it has a major role in determining the clinker quality, as the best silica coefficient (2.7) was obtained, as well as the best coefficient of alumina (1.38), as well as obtaining the best lime saturation coefficient (0.96) and the percentage of magnesium oxide not exceeding 5 percent, thus stabilizing the ratio Magnesium oxide to form the best burning plants (108). The difference in the concentration of substances leads to an incomplete chemical reaction and this affects the size of the resulting crystals.

The Impact of Geometry Engineering on Combustion Efficiency and Emissions: Performance Evaluation of Axial Diffuser Tube, Perforated Distribution Node, and Symmetrical Axial Radiator Al-Naffakh, Jameel; Al-Qassab, Mohammed R.; H.J, Abdulhussein; Jafar, Israa Jafar
Jurnal Teknik Pertanian Lampung (Journal of Agricultural Engineering) Vol. 14 No. 3 (2025): June 2025
Publisher : The University of Lampung

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.23960/jtep-l.v14i3.744-754

With increasing environmental concerns about emissions, improving combustion systems for alternative fuels, such as used engine oil, has become imperative. Investigating innovative burner designs to enhance fuel-air mixing, reduce emissions, and stabilize performance presents challenges due to high viscosity and incomplete combustion. However, previous research has not adequately addressed the role of burner head geometry in mitigating these problems. A combination of experimental tests and computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations was used to evaluate the performance. This study aims to fill the gap by evaluating the effects of three burner head designs—axial diffuser tube, perforated distribution node, and symmetrical axial cooler—on combustion efficiency and emissions. The results indicate that the axial diffuser tube achieved the highest efficiency (94.3%) and lowest emissions (NOx: 128 ppm, CO: 52 ppm, PM: 18 μg/m3) due to uniform heat distribution and increased turbulence. The perforated distribution node showed a balanced performance, with an efficiency of 91.7% and moderate emissions (NOx: 145 ppm, CO: 65 ppm, PM: 24 μg/m³). Meanwhile, the symmetric axial cooler, designed for thermal stability, showed lower efficiency (89.6%) and higher emissions (NOx: 167 ppm, CO: 78 ppm, PM: 30 μg/m³). The results indicate the importance of burner engineering in balancing efficiency and emissions control. The results of this study support sustainable combustion technologies for industrial and domestic applications, and underscore the global transition to clean energy solutions. Keywords: Burner head design, CFD simulations, Combustion efficiency, Emissions reduction, Geometric engineering, Waste automotive oil.

Title

Found 9 Documents
Search

Abstract

Abstract

Abstract

Abstract

Abstract

Abstract

Abstract

Abstract

Abstract

Title Search

Found 9 Documents Search

Abstract

Abstract

Abstract

Abstract

Abstract

Abstract

Abstract

Abstract

Abstract

Title

Found 9 Documents
Search