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S.S. Magat
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Crop nutrition and fertilizer management of embryo-cultured seedlings of Makapuno and Laguna Tall coconuts with special reference to their response to different levels of NaCl and chicken manure M.B. Areza-Ubaldo; S.S. Magat; E.P. Rillo; M.I. Secretaria
International Coconut Community Journal Vol 22 No 2 (2006): CORD
Publisher : International Coconut Community

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.37833/cord.v22i2.170

Abstract

A two-year nursery study of embryo-cultured Laguna Tall (ECLAGT) and embryo-cultured Makapuno Tall (ECMAKT) coconut seedlings was conducted at the Philippine Coconut Authority - Albay Research Center, Guinobatan, Albay aimed to know the effects of applying different levels of sodium chloride (NaCl) (common table salt) and chicken manure (CM) on the vegetative growth and leaf nutrient status of the seedlings. The soil used in the study is a volcanic ash- rich Guinobatan silt loam, classified as Entic Dystrandept soil subgroup (U.S. Soil Taxonomy/Classification). EC seedlings with the application of NaCl at a total dose of 18-54 g/seedling and chicken manure at 250-750 g/seedling, applied within the 12-month nursery (at intervals of 2,4,6,8,10 months) significantly produced taller seedlings with bigger girth and more total living fronds than the unfertilized ECLAGT and ECMAKT seedlings. The levels of nutrient application (fertilization) on EC seedlings is clearly much lower than that of the average rates used in growing ordinary seedlings from seednuts, i.e. seedling with embryo attached to the whole nut in the nursery. The better growth of ECLAGT and ECMAKT seedlings in terms of their girth, plant height and total living fronds produced was significantly associated with higher or very satisfactory levels of leaf N, P, K, Cl, Ca, Na, Mg, S, B, and Fe (leaf #4 of 12-month old EC seedlings). The overall results clearly indicate the practical need to apply a combination of sodium chloride and dried chicken manure, even at moderate rates (total) of 18 g/seedling and 250 g/seedling respectively, divided equally during the 12-month nursery stage for normal growth and proper nutrition of EC seedlings. This recommended fertilization management practice should ensure healthy and good quality ECMAKT seedlings as planting materials.
PERFORMANCE OF SELECTED COCONUT VARIETIES/ HYBRIDS UNDER SEQUENTIAL COCONUT TODDY AND NUT PRODUCTION SCHEME OR SCTNP M.I. Secretaria; R.M. Ebuna; S.S. Magat; J.N. Maravilla; G.A. Santos; G.B. Baylon
International Coconut Community Journal Vol 18 No 01 (2002): CORD
Publisher : International Coconut Community

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.37833/cord.v18i01.355

Abstract

The response to sequential coconut toddy and nut production (SCTNP) scheme of four coconut varieties/hybrids at PCA-Zamboanga Research Center, San Ramon, Zamboanga City showed that the dwarf x tall hybrids, Malayan red dwarf x Baybay tall (MRD x BAYT), Malayan red dwarf x Tagnanan tall (MRD x TAGT) and Catigan green dwarf x Laguna tall (CATD x LAGT) produced significantly higher toddy (495 – 699 li/tree/yr) and nut yield (143-169 nuts/tree/yr) compared to tall cultivar, ‘Laguna’ LAGT (364 li and 123 nuts per tree per year). Varietal difference in terms of the floral and vegetative characteristics of the coconut cultivar and hybrids contributed significantly to the differences in the sap/toddy and nut yields.
LONG-TERM COCONUT LEAF PRUNING (CLP) EFFECTS ON CBFS: COCONUT-COFFEE AGROECOSYSTEM L.H. Canja; S.S. Magat; R.Z. Margate
International Coconut Community Journal Vol 19 No 02 (2003): CORD
Publisher : International Coconut Community

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.37833/cord.v19i02.374

Abstract

A long-term study on the response of ‘Laguna’ tall (LAGT) palms and coffee intercrop to coconut leaf pruning (CLP) was conducted at the PCA-Davao Research Center from 1993 to 2001 to determine the effect of coconut leaf pruning on the productivity of coconut + coffee cropping system. The coconut leaf pruning technique did not significantly affect the yield and nutrition of coconut in all the years of observation. However, lower number of nut and weight of copra per tree were observed on palms with CLP than those without CLP, but with a slight improvement in copra weight per nut. Likewise, CLP did not affect the coffee yield and leaf nutrient levels. Among the coffee varieties tested, the Excelsa had the highest green bean yield. The Robusta (Ivory Coast and Philippine strains) and Arabica had similar yield and crop nutritional status. While they had similar leaf N, K and B contents that were higher than that of Excelsa, they also had lower leaf levels of Ca, Cl and S. Coffee needs, 1,000-3,000 foot-candles of sunlight, which is within the available light transmission (1,750-4,050 foot-candles) under palms with and without CLP. Hence, CLP is not necessary anymore in coconut with coffee intercrop.
Nutrition and fertilization management of embryo cultured Makapuno Tall (ECMAKT) seedlings M.B. Areza-Ubaldo; S.S. Magat; E.P. Rillo; M.I. Secretaria
International Coconut Community Journal Vol 21 No 1 (2005): CORD
Publisher : International Coconut Community

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.37833/cord.v21i01.398

Abstract

A two-year nursery study on ECMAKT coconut seedlings was conducted at the Philippine Coconut Authority - Albay Research Center, Guinobatan, Albay to know the effects of applying different rates of complete fertilizer (14-14-14 fortified with micronutrients) and a foliar fertilizer on the vegetative growth and leaf nutrient status of ECMAKT seedlings. The application of complete NPK fertilizer (14-14-14) at 6-9 g/seedling significantly produced taller seedlings with bigger girth size and more number of living fronds from 2 to 12 months from initial fertilization. The applied rates of complete fertilizer (6-9 g 14-14-14/seedling) on ECMAKT seedlings indicates that the levels of nutrient application (fertilization) is significantly much lower than that of the average rates used in growing ordinary seednuts (seedlings attached to unhusked nuts) in the nursery. The application of foliar fertilizer was ineffective even over the unfertilized ECMAKT seedlings. The better growth of ECMAKT seedlings in terms of their girth, plant height and total living fronds produced were significantly associated with higher levels of leaf K, Cl, and Mn, and lower leaf Na, but with likely adequate leaf P, Mg, S, B, Zn, Cu and Fe based from leaf number 3 (12 month old ECMAKT seedling). The study clearly indicates the necessity of applying inorganic fertilizer i.e. complete fertilizer (14-14-14 fortified with micronutrients) at the moderate rates of 6-9 g/seedling during the nursery stage for proper nutrition and fertilization management to ensure healthy and good quality ECMAKT planting material.
THE CHLORINE NEEDS OF COCONUTS S.S. Magat; R.Z. Margate
International Coconut Community Journal Vol 6 No 01 (1990): CORD
Publisher : International Coconut Community

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.37833/cord.v6i01.236

Abstract

A study designed to determine the nutritional needs of coconut from nursery to full‑bearing was conducted from 1974 to 1988 in a Cl-­deficient soil (Topic Tropudalf) of Davao, Southern Philippines. At nursery stage, only chlorine application improved the growth of the seedlings based on girth size which was highly correlated with increased leaf Cl. During the first five years in the field, K and Cl significantly influenced the growth of the palms which were positively correlated to ail growth parameters, i.e. girth, number of leaflets, living fronds and leaf production. During the fifth year, Cl‑fertilization resul­ted in 115% more flowering palms than the unfertilized ones. From then on, Cl application consistently increased nut production, copra weight per nut and copra yield per tree which was correlated with leaf Cl. However, the positive effects of other nutrients like N, K and Mg on yield as well as interaction effects were inconsistent over the years. The nutritional needs of palms for Cl at the nursery stage is 30 g Cl per seedling. Under field condition, the requirement increases with age from 40 g to 1,000 g per palm leveling off at fifth year from planting.
DEVELOPMENT OF COMPUTERIZED FERTILIZER RECOMMENDATIONS FOR COCONUT (BASED ON FOLIAR ANALYSIS) USING A LOTUS 123 SOFTWARE PACKAGE SYSTEM R.Z. MARGATE; M.I. SECRETARIA; S.S. MAGAT; L.M. ALFORJA
International Coconut Community Journal Vol 8 No 01 (1992): CORD
Publisher : International Coconut Community

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.37833/cord.v8i01.256

Abstract

A Lotus 123‑based system computer program was developed for fertilizer recommendation of local tall verieties and Dwarf x Tall hybrid coconuts using foliar analysis results. The computer program which is coded as PCA‑FERT. PRG. Version 1.0 utilized the average fertilizer recommendation formulated by Philippine Coconut Authority based on the Authority's 20 years; of research experience on the nutrition and fertilization of coconut in the country. As a first attempt towards the computerization of research outputs on coconut nutrition and fertilization, the program, should facilitate the faster assessment of existing coconut stands in terms of its nutritional status and fertilizer needs. The effective utilization of this program coupled with the researcher's knowledge and expertise on the use of foliar analysis results. will contribute much to the formulation of an accurate and reliable fertilizer recommendation.
RESIDUAL EFFECTS OF SODIUM CHLORIDE (Common Salt) FERTILIZERS ON YIELD AND LEAF NUTRIENTS, OF COCONUTS, GROWN ON AN INLAND SOIL OF DAVAO (Mindanao, Philippines) S.S. MAGAT; J.A. HABANA; L.M. ALFORJA
International Coconut Community Journal Vol 8 No 02 (1992): CORD
Publisher : International Coconut Community

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.37833/cord.v8i02.261

Abstract

The beneficial residual effects of the previous regular applications of sodium chloride fertilizers on mature coconuts were evaluated in a long‑term experiment conducted in an inland Tugbok soil (typic Tropudalfs) of Davao, Mindanao (Philippilines). Sodium chloride (common salt) at increpasing rates of 0.0, 0.88, 1.76, 3.52. and 7.04 kg/tree per tree was tested., At higher rates of NaCl fertilizer (1.76‑7.04 kg/tree per year) applied regularly for 5 years, the residual respofise in terms of nuts and copra yield tended to, occur for a longer period of 5 years. Except soil Na, soil. properties were not significantly affected by NaCl application. Implications of the findings are discussed in relation to sound coconut crop agronomy and soil management.
SEQUENTIAL COCONUT TODDY (SAP) AND NUT PRODUCTION J.N. MARAVILLA; S.S. MAGAT
International Coconut Community Journal Vol 9 No 02 (1993): CORD
Publisher : International Coconut Community

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.37833/cord.v9i02.272

Abstract

Production schemes, namely sequential, production of coconut sap/toddy and nuts in same spathe/spadix (SCTNP); nut production only (NP) and toddy production only (CTWS) were tested at PCA Davao Research Center, using Laguna Tall for a period of three years. Palms under the CTWS and the SCTNP had more coconut sap yield over the periodic tapping and nut production (3 or 6 month’s duration) in three years of tapping operation. Annual toddy yield in the SCTNP did not differ significantly with the CTWS during the first and third years of tapping. Generally nut yield of palms with SCTNP was about 50% lower than control palms (NP). As compared to palms under NP, copra yield per palm with SCTNP was likewise around 50% lower. Leaf nutrient concentrations of N, P, K. Ca. Mg, Na, Cl, S and B were not significantly affected by toddy‑lapping under the four production schemes. Results clearly showed that the sequential coconut toddy and nut production (SCTNP) is strongly feasible and economically viable to supply both toddy and nuts as farm products by small scale coconut farmers. Compared to the traditional practice of producing nut alone (P 7,500.00 per ha average annual income), SCTNP provides an average net income of P 71,000.00 per ha (P 520.00 per tree), annually.
RESPONSE OF COCONUT TO INCREASING LEVELS OF LEAF PRUNING AND ITS IMPLICATIONS ON FARM PRODUCTIVITY S.S. Magat; L.H. Canja; R.Z. Margate
International Coconut Community Journal Vol 10 No 02 (1994): CORD
Publisher : International Coconut Community

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.37833/cord.v10i02.283

Abstract

Effects on nut production and copra (wt/nut and yield/tree of four leaf pruning conditions (LP): control (no LP); LP from leaf 24; leaf 19 and leaf 14 with 31, 23, 18 and 13, remaining leaves on each palm, respectively, was studied on adult bearing palms at the Davao Research Center, Philippine Coconut Authority. As a reference point, leaf 1 is considered as the youngest expanded leaf, while leaf 19, the one supporting the 7‑8 month old developing nuts or buko. Except in the first year of LP of which nut and copra yields under all LP conditions were similar to the unpruned palms, the following second and third years of LP indicated that leaf pruning from leaf 19 or maintaining only the 18 younger, upper leaves of the tree crown strongly showed the capability of the coconut to still support the normal development and maturity of nuts. As a result of LP, sunlight transmission to intercrops increased by about 120% compared to unpruned palms. This was translated to higher intercrop yield of corn (2.16 t increased to 3.71 t/ha) which is strongly attributed to the average 4,000 ft candles of sunlight (190.5 PAR) observed with LP from leaf 19 and the rest of the leaves below. In relation to increased sunlight transmission, intercropping, water economy and drought tolerance, pest and disease control and added income from pruned leaves, implications of LP are pointed out.
INTEGRATED SOIL FERTILITY MANAGEMENT OF HYBRID COCONUT GROWN IN DIFFERENT AGRO CLIMATIC CONDITIONS OF THE PHILIPPINES R.Z Margate; M.I Secretaria; G.D. Padrones; J.N. Maravilla; S.S. Magat; J.A. Mantiquilla; E. C Silva; R. Corsame; J Borromeo; V. Rivera
International Coconut Community Journal Vol 13 No 01 (1997): CORD
Publisher : International Coconut Community

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.37833/cord.v13i01.306

Abstract

Four fertilizer trials initiated in 1986 and completed eight years later were conducted to find out the effect of using organic fertilizers vis‑a‑vis lower and higher levels of inorganic fertilizers and organic plus inorganic fertilizer combinations on hybrid coconuts. In all sites the application of inorganic fertilizers (both lower and higher levels of ammonium sulfate + KCl or NaCl) produced significant increases m nut yield, copra weight per nut and copra per tree but lowered soil pH. These increases in Yield, copra were closely associated with the correction of N and Cl deficiencies of the palms. The most profitable treatment was the lower inorganic fertilizer level followed by treatment where ammonium sulfate was substituted with organic fertilizers (organic + KCl or NaCl). A commercial organic Sagana 100 fertilizer either applied singly or in combination with inorganic Cl proved argonomically effective but its prohibitive cost made it uneconomical to use. Apparently organic fertilizers which are available in the farms and are much cheaper proved economical but need to be combined with Cl to be effective.
Co-Authors E. C Silva E.P. Rillo G.A. Santos G.B. Baylon G.D. Padrones J Borromeo J.A. HABANA J.A. Mantiquilla J.N. Maravilla L.H. Canja L.M. ALFORJA M.B. Areza-Ubaldo M.I Secretaria M.I. Secretaria R. Corsame R.M. Ebuna R.Z Margate R.Z. Margate V. Rivera