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M. Mayilvaganan
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ELECTRON MICROSCOPIC EVIDENCE FOR PURIFICATION OF COCONUT ROOT (WILT) DISEASE PHYTOPLASMA M. Mayilvaganan; J. J. Solomon
International Coconut Community Journal Vol 18 No 01 (2002): CORD
Publisher : International Coconut Community

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.37833/cord.v18i01.353

Abstract

Root (wilt) disease phytoplasma was purified from diseased coconut tissues using discontinuous Percoll gradient centrifugation method. Crude sap prepared from coconut was layered on a discontinuous Percoll gradient of 15, 30, 50 and 60%(v/v). After centrifugation at 20,000 g for 30 min, the turbid fraction formed on the top of 30% gradient in the diseased plant material was recovered, processed and fixed for electron microscopy. Electron microscopic examination of sections prepared from purified preparation of diseased plant material showed typical cells of root (wilt) phytoplasma with heterogeneous sizes and more or less spherical shape that are similar to those found in sieve elements of diseased tissues and salivary glands of infective (viruliforms) insect vectors. These purified phytoplasma bodies showed trilaminar membrane with internal materials of ribosome granules and DNA fibrils. However, the yield in terms of number of cells was fewer and in addition to intact bodies, free membranes and empty bodies lacking internal contents also were observed.
Refinement of ELISA and its use in early detection of coconut root (wilt) disease M. Sasikala; V. R. Prakash; V. P. Sapna; M. Mayilvaganan; Leena. S. Nair
International Coconut Community Journal Vol 21 No 2 (2005): CORD
Publisher : International Coconut Community

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.37833/cord.v21i02.411

Abstract

Root (wilt) is a major disease of coconut in Kerala and in certain parts of Tamil Nadu. The lasting solution for combating the disease is by evolving root (wilt) disease resistant/tolerant varieties through sustained breeding programmes. Development of visual symptoms of root (wilt) disease is very slow and there is a time lag between infection and symptom expression. Therefore, identification of root (wilt) disease-free palms using early diagnostic techniques (serological techniques) is a basic requirement for the production of quality seedlings. For the mass screening of coconut samples DAC-indirect ELISA has been standardized earlier using antibody raised against pathogen related protein found in diseased palms, but it take about 44 hrs for the completion of the test. In the present investigation using phytoplasma-specific antibodies, test could be refined to make it a more rapid and sensitive one. It has been found that the results could be obtained within 24 hrs with very high sensitivity of 98.4%. Similarly, efficiency of extracting antigen from coconut leaf samples was enhanced by using ART MICCRA D-8 tissue homogeniser. Highest difference in absorbance values between healthy and infected samples was obtained while using carbonate bicarbonate buffer pH 9.6 with additives followed by plain buffer. Thus test could be used to detect phytoplasmal infection in coconut palms even before the appearance of visual symptoms. The modified procedure is being used for identifying disease-free mother palms from disease endemic areas for producing quality seedlings either by crossing programmes or from open pollinated nuts.
Co-Authors J. J. Solomon Leena. S. Nair M. Sasikala V. P. Sapna V. R. Prakash