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All Journal Kanz Philosophia: A Journal for Islamic Philosophy and Mysticism Jurnal Ilmiah Peuradeun Millah: Journal of Religious Studies
Saruhan, Müfit Selim
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Religion Humanities Education Languange, Linguistic, Communication & Media Law, Crime, Criminology & Criminal Justice Social Sciences

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PREJUDICES ON CONCERNING HUMAN RIGHTS VIS-A-VIS ISLAM Saruhan, Müfit Selim
Jurnal Ilmiah Peuradeun Vol 8 No 2 (2020): Jurnal Ilmiah Peuradeun
Publisher : SCAD Independent

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (752.779 KB) | DOI: 10.26811/peuradeun.v8i2.463

Abstract

In the history of thought, defending human rights and freedom, positivist and materialist views are critical of religion in general and Islam in particular. Islam as a divine religion with its theoretical and practical dimensions has been the guarantor of human rights. Positivist and materialist views on every occasion ready to blame and identify the Islamic concept of servitude (to God) with slavery. But if we examine Islam in-depth with a philosophical mind, we can see that the Islamic concept of devotional servitude accommodates genuine freedom which intends to protect the health of both the body and the soul. Positivist and materialist minds consider the issue of human rights as their own, and religious sides approach this issue reluctantly due to the rhetoric of human rights devoid of religious rhetoric. Finding reasonable answers to the questions of what the source of human honor is and what makes human being meaningful will bring closer to each other the positivist/materialist views and religious views.
Prejudices on Concerning Human Rights Vis-a-Vis Islam Saruhan, Müfit Selim
Jurnal Ilmiah Peuradeun Vol. 8 No. 2 (2020): Jurnal Ilmiah Peuradeun
Publisher : SCAD Independent

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.26811/peuradeun.v8i2.463

Abstract

In the history of thought, defending human rights and freedom, positivist and materialist views are critical of religion in general and Islam in particular. Islam as a divine religion with its theoretical and practical dimensions has been the guarantor of human rights. Positivist and materialist views on every occasion ready to blame and identify the Islamic concept of servitude (to God) with slavery. But if we examine Islam in-depth with a philosophical mind, we can see that the Islamic concept of devotional servitude accommodates genuine freedom which intends to protect the health of both the body and the soul. Positivist and materialist minds consider the issue of human rights as their own, and religious sides approach this issue reluctantly due to the rhetoric of human rights devoid of religious rhetoric. Finding reasonable answers to the questions of what the source of human honor is and what makes human being meaningful will bring closer to each other the positivist/materialist views and religious views.
Evaluation of the Claim that Islam Frightens People with Eternal Pain Saruhan, Müfit Selim
Millah: Journal of Religious Studies Vol. 23, No. 2, August 2024
Publisher : Program Studi Ilmu Agama Islam Program Magister, Universitas Islam Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20885/millah.vol23.iss2.art9

Abstract

There are various prejudices in society regarding the Islamic concepts of faith. These prejudices are easily eliminated when faced with true knowledge and basic religious sources. Allegations often represent uninformed judgment. The main goal of this article is to clarify a frequently asked question about Islamic beliefs regarding the afterlife. According to some, this question has recently caused young people to break away from faith. To what extent can we embrace a religion that predicts eternal torment? In this article, we draw attention to these prejudices and encourage readers to investigate the intellectual depth of Islam based on knowledge. Humans have great potential. However, a person can achieve happiness in both the world and the hereafter by revealing the potential given to him from birth through his/her choices and behaviors. A person can reveal his existing talent in the best and most accurate way by reflecting on the meanings of the names of his Lord, who created him, in his life and living in accordance with them. Prejudices regarding Islamic religion’s understanding of the afterlife have come to the fore on social media and books. In this article, we discuss the claim about Islam that "it scares us with eternal torment.” Does Islam really scare people with punishments? Are people attached to Islam out of fear, as claimed? Does the Holy Quran suppress questioning? Or does this encourage it? It is possible to find many pros and consensuses in the history of commentary and theology regarding whether punishment is eternal. While evaluating these views, we must be responsible for ensuring and filtering whether they conform to the spirit and basic goals of the Holy Quran and Hadiths. The fact that the names of forgiving, merciful, and merciful are among the beautiful Names of Allah (Al-Asma Al-Husna), but the names of the one who punishes, the one who is angry, and the one who torments are excluded, should be accepted as evidence that the punishment will not be eternal. Mercy is an ancient attribute that cannot be separated from the essence of Allah.
IBN SĪNĀ AND IBN RUSHD’S CONCEPTIONS OF THE SOUL IN LIGHT OF ARISTOTLE’S THEORY OF FOUR CAUSES Saruhan, Müfit Selim
Kanz Philosophia: A Journal for Islamic Philosophy and Mysticism Vol. 11 No. 2 (2025): December
Publisher : Sekolah Tinggi Agama Islam Sadra

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20871/kpjipm.v11i2.434

Abstract

This article undertakes a comparative study of Ibn Sīnā and Ibn Rushd’s conceptions of the soul through the framework of Aristotle’s four causes: material, formal, efficient, and final. Both thinkers draw deeply from Aristotelian psychology, yet their approaches diverge due to different metaphysical and theological commitments. Ibn Sīnā, shaped by Neoplatonic currents, presents the soul as an immaterial, self-subsistent substance that transcends the body and seeks perfection in union with the Active Intellect. This union is achieved through rational contemplation, ethical purification, and intellectual ascent, granting the soul an independent and eternal telos. By contrast, Ibn Rushd interprets the soul in strict continuity with Aristotle’s naturalism, emphasizing its inseparability from the body as its form and actuality. For him, human perfection is realized not in metaphysical transcendence but in civic virtue, rational engagement, and intellectual cultivation within empirical life. The article applies Aristotle’s four causes to their respective models, exploring the ontological, epistemological, and ethical implications of each framework. It further situates their perspectives within broader debates on consciousness, personhood, and moral responsibility, highlighting the enduring relevance of their insights. The study argues that re-examining these classical Islamic philosophies provides valuable resources for contemporary discussions in the philosophy of mind, ethics, and metaphysics.
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