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‘FOUR LEGS GOOD, TWO LEGS BETTER’: THE CHANGE OF UTOPIA TO DYSTOPIA IN GEORGE ORWELL’S ANIMAL FARM Hasan, Mariwan; Aziz, Akar; Mawlood, Yahya
CALL Vol 5, No 2 (2023): CALL
Publisher : Universitas Islam Negeri Sunan Gunung Djati

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15575/call.v5i2.29097

This research is an analysis of the allegorical plot of Animal Farm and its clever usage of anthropomorphism in the change from a peaceful farm to a tyrannical one. This paper indicates the major features of the change from a utopian farm to a dystopian one, such as the perpetually increasing amount of labour that each animal has to undertake, the obvious decrease of ration which the pigs use for trading otherwise, the disturbing intervention into animals' personal freedom and thought by the totalitarian pigs and many more accounts that further establish such change. The aim of this was to shed light on those distinct paths that may lead any society towards dystopia, lest any community may have already begun going down such paths, to alert them and reverberate the sounding alarm. At the beginning, this research dealt with an introduction to the background of the time and literary movement that was present during the process of writing Animal Farm, namely the rise of the Stalinisit regime, and the surge of Utopian/Dystopian novels. The second chapter studies previous research written on the same topic as this one, the early events in Animal Farm and their effect on shaping the farm, and the significance of freedom within the farm. The third chapter consists of demonstrating the fundamental changes that contributed to the decline of the farm into its eventual dystopian nature, and a conclusion on the matter. The paper uses a textual and historical approaches in analyzing the texts of the novella. Keywords: utopia, dystopia, orwell, labour, liberty, tyranny, commandment, censorship

William Shakespeare’s Sonnet 130: A Reconsideration Hasan, Mariwan; Abdulkareem, Lara; Star, Lara
Acuity: Journal of English Language Pedagogy, Literature and Culture Vol. 5 No. 2 (2020): Acuity: Journal of English Langauge Pedagogy, Literature & Culture
Publisher : LPPM Universitas Advent Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.35974/acuity.v5i2.2370

How to know that a person is in love with someone else? It is usually through expressing one’s love towards the beloved. It will be considered a strong love towards a beloved but if not expressing it or exaggerating it. Shakespeare’s sonnet, in the beginning, is misleading its readers but the ending is a happy one as it is true love between the lovers but not announced everywhere and not exaggerated. This paper aims to analyze one of Shakespeare’s great sonnets “sonnet 130”, which is a satire of Petrarchan sonnets. The paper also looks at the form, and content of the sonnet 130 and analyses it to gain a broader insight into the sonnet. Finally, the study focuses on the literary devices used within the sonnet to comprehend Shakespeare’s portrayal of the image of women in the sonnet.

Imperialism, Colonialism and Racism in Joseph Conrad's Heart of Darkness: A Postcolonial Approach Hasan, Mariwan; Ahmed, Lona; Muhammad, Roman
Acuity: Journal of English Language Pedagogy, Literature and Culture Vol. 6 No. 1 (2021): Acuity: Journal of English Language Pedagogy, Literature & Culture
Publisher : LPPM Universitas Advent Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.35974/acuity.v6i1.2385

It is not easy to explore the inner side and the hidden nature of human beings. It is also what has strengthened the relationship between human beings and the issue of imperialism and colonialism and the final stage of colonialism which leads to racism. This paper deals with colonialism, imperialism, and racism in Joseph Conrad's novella, Heart of Darkness. The three stages colonizers implement during colonizing African countries. Modern age and modern literature are shed light on in general and more particularly, modern novel is focused on as it is necessary for the analysis of the novel. Then the terms of colonialism, imperialism, and racism are explored in Heart of Darkness as these are interrelated words having close links to colonization. A postcolonial approach is used to analyze the novella.

Sense of Gloominess and Despair in Edgar Allan Poe’s Selected Poems: : An Analytical Approach Hasan, Mariwan; Karim, Rayan; Muhsin, Sara
Acuity: Journal of English Language Pedagogy, Literature and Culture Vol. 9 No. 1 (2024): Acuity: Journal of English Language Pedagogy, Literature and Culture
Publisher : LPPM Universitas Advent Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.35974/acuity.v9i1.3232

Edgar Allan Poe's life was plagued by melancholy and disaster, which is evident in all of his writings. Among the many other poets of his generation, his solitude and individuality set him apart from the rest. He gave the Gothic genre a completely new meaning, making it both dark and significant at the same time. First, as an overview is given, of the 19th century, Edgar Allan Poe, and the tragedies that influenced his poetry. This study employs a comprehensive methodology focusing on the close reading of three of Poe's well-known poems: "The Raven," "A Dream within a Dream," and "Alone." By analyzing how sadness and sorrow are portrayed in these poems, the paper investigates the extent to which these emotions impacted Poe's writing. The analytical approach involves delving into the thematic and stylistic nuances of the selected poems, shedding light on the intricate ways in which Poe articulates his emotions. The purpose of this study is to tackle the sense of gloominess and sadness by employing textual and analytical approaches. The significance of the feelings of loss and sorrow in Poe's writings is addressed, drawing connections to Poe's life story. The findings demonstrate that Poe's writings occasionally converge with personal catastrophes, tragedies from his own life, and stories about death sadness, and grief come together on multiple occasions over the course of his demanding career. Concluding that sadness, sorrow, and everything that comes with it were indeed lurking in every one of his statements, this paper contributes to the existing literature by portraying the semi-autobiographical image of the author within the realm of his poetry. The textual and analytical approaches used in this study provide a nuanced understanding of how personal experiences influenced Poe's poetic expression, enriching our comprehension of the intricate relationship between his life and art.

The A Comparative Study of Name Significance in Shakespeare's Romeo and Juliet and Wilde's Earnest.: A Comparative Study Mariwan Hasan Hasan, Mariwan
Acuity: Journal of English Language Pedagogy, Literature and Culture Vol. 10 No. 3 (2025): Acuity: Journal of English Language Pedagogy, Literature and Culture
Publisher : LPPM Universitas Advent Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.35974/acuity.v10i3.3853

In literary discourse, names frequently transcend their conventional role as mere identifiers, emerging as profound symbols of thematic constructs such as identity, societal expectations, and personal values. This dynamic is vividly illustrated in William Shakespeare's Romeo and Juliet and Oscar Wilde's The Importance of Being Earnest, each of which employs the concept of names to engage with and critique different societal facets. Shakespeare's approach intertwines names with the thematic exploration of tragic consequences stemming from entrenched familial feuds and rigid social constraints. The protagonists' names in Romeo and Juliet are emblematic of their entangled fates and the destructive nature of inherited animosities, serving to underscore the broader implications of identity and societal division. Conversely, Wilde’s satirical lens in The Importance of Being Earnest utilizes names to critique the superficial values and social pretensions of Victorian society. In Wilde's play, the adoption of false identities and the ensuing comedic conflicts expose the absurdities inherent in societal norms and personal deceptions. This essay will analyze how both Shakespeare and Wilde utilize names as critical instruments for reflecting and critiquing societal norms, relational dynamics, and individual identities. This analysis will be supported by textual evidence and scholarly interpretations, elucidating the distinct approaches each playwright employs in their respective works.

REALISM AND COLONIALISM IN DANIEL DEFOEâ€™S ROBINSON CRUSOE Hasan, Mariwan; HamaSaeed, Awara
CALL Vol. 4 No. 1 (2022): CALL
Publisher : Universitas Islam Negeri Sunan Gunung Djati

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15575/call.v4i1.15471

This study deals with realism in Defoeâ€™s Robinson Crusoe. Realism in the study explained the straightforward treatment in life. Realism sheds light on the immediate, the specific actions and their verifiable consequences. Realism seeks a direct connection between representation and the subject.Â The study is aimed to interpret the actualities of any aspect of life, not restricted to subjective prejudice, idealism, or romantic color.Â First, an introduction is presented about Realism, which is comprehensively linked to the history of realism and its revolution.Â Then, the reasons that affected development of English novel will be explained in details. Moreover, we give an extensive emphasis on realism in English literature and describe the novel in 18th century. Then, characteristics of English novel is explained in details and definitions of realism according to a number of authors expressed then we talk about Daniel Defoe as the father of early English novel. Finally, Robinson Crusoe is analyzed and the most important themes of the novel such as colonialism and realism are shed light on to show the degree of similitude in the novel that drew the attention of its readers since the 18th century.Keywords: eighteenth century novel, early english novel, Daniel Defoe, Realism, Robinson Crusoe

â€˜FOUR LEGS GOOD, TWO LEGS BETTERâ€™: THE CHANGE OF UTOPIA TO DYSTOPIA IN GEORGE ORWELLâ€™S ANIMAL FARM Hasan, Mariwan; Aziz, Akar; Mawlood, Yahya
CALL Vol. 5 No. 2 (2023): CALL
Publisher : Universitas Islam Negeri Sunan Gunung Djati

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15575/call.v5i2.29097

This research is an analysis of the allegorical plot of Animal Farm and its clever usage of anthropomorphism in the change from a peaceful farm to a tyrannical one. This paper indicates the major features of the change from a utopian farm to a dystopian one, such as the perpetually increasing amount of labour that each animal has to undertake, the obvious decrease of ration which the pigs use for trading otherwise, the disturbing intervention into animals' personal freedom and thought by the totalitarian pigs and many more accounts that further establish such change. The aim of this was to shed light on those distinct paths that may lead any society towards dystopia, lest any community may have already begun going down such paths, to alert them and reverberate the sounding alarm. At the beginning, this research dealt with an introduction to the background of the time and literary movement that was present during the process of writing Animal Farm, namely the rise of the Stalinisit regime, and the surge of Utopian/Dystopian novels. The second chapter studies previous research written on the same topic as this one, the early events in Animal Farm and their effect on shaping the farm, and the significance of freedom within the farm. The third chapter consists of demonstrating the fundamental changes that contributed to the decline of the farm into its eventual dystopian nature, and a conclusion on the matter. The paper uses a textual and historical approaches in analyzing the texts of the novella.Â Â Keywords: utopia, dystopia, orwell, labour, liberty, tyranny, commandment, censorship

Daffodils and the Green Imagination: Wordsworth Through an Ecocritical Lens Hasan, Mariwan; Hama Amin, Shkar
Acuity: Journal of English Language Pedagogy, Literature and Culture Vol. 11 No. 2 (2026): Acuity: Journal of English Language Pedagogy, Literature and Culture
Publisher : LPPM Universitas Advent Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.35974/acuity.v11i2.4145

This paper investigates the poem “I Wandered Lonely as a Cloud” by William Wordsworth using an ecocritical approach Ecocriticism focuses on the connection between literature and nature, examines how humans are related with the ecosystem. The study explains how Wordsworth shows nature, especially the beauty of daffodils, and how this relation enhances human emotions and feelings. The poem considers the opinion of Wordsworth that nature has a superpower on the human mind to bring joy and happiness. This research also highlights Wordsworth’s use of language and imagery to bring nature to life. The personification of the daffodils gives them a sense of movement and happiness, supporting the idea that nature has its own value and role. Besides the poem insists on how remembrances of nature can make a power to offer tranquility and inspiration, even when a person is alone. This indicates that the effect of nature extends and expands even after the time of experience, shifting attitudes and feelings over time. The research includes the scope of the study, the problem, and the hypothesis. It introduces ecocriticism, examines and explores its historical improvement, and explains its application to Romantic literature, particularly the works of William Wordsworth. Then, the research tackles the studies on the Romantic age’s ecological context, Wordsworth’s personal connection with nature, and previous scholarly interpretations of “I Wandered Lonely as a Cloud.” It also includes the research methodology and literary framework adopted in this study. An ecocritical analysis of the poem itself, pointing out crucial themes, poetic devices, and the ecological messages implied in the text are pinpointed. Finally, this paper deals with these sections along with the conclusions and the works cited page, providing an inclusive view of how literature, especially Romantic poetry is able

Death of Critical Approaches: Towards Aesthetics of Literature Hasan, Mariwan
NOBEL: Journal of Literature and Language Teaching Vol. 16 No. 2 (2025): OCTOBER (On Progress)
Publisher : Universitas Islam Negeri Sunan Ampel Surabaya

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar

This paper explores the shifting landscape of literary criticism, tracing the decline of traditional frameworks—such as formalism, structuralism, and historicism—in favor of a renewed aesthetic engagement with literature. This research aims to investigate how and why critical approaches have lost prominence in literary discourse, and to examine the alternative modes of interpretation that are emerging in their place. In response to this critical turning point, the paper introduces a speculative interpretive model termed resonant aesthetics. This emerging approach foregrounds the vibrational relationship between reader and text, where meaning arises not through analytical dissection but through intuitive, affective, and atmospheric immersion. The findings suggest that contemporary literary studies increasingly prioritize emotional resonance, experiential presence, and sensory perception, signaling a paradigm shift in how literature is valued and understood. Resonant aesthetics, as proposed in this paper, offers a new methodological framework for engaging with texts—one that embraces the ephemeral and the ineffable as integral to literary meaning. Ultimately, the paper argues for an expanded conception of literary criticism that revitalizes aesthetics as a primary mode of understanding in the 21st century.

ABUSE PRACTICE OF POWER IN ORWELL'S ANIMAL FARM: A HISTORICAL APPROACH Hasan, Mariwan; Muhammad, Lava; Bahasin, Gashbin
CaLLs (Journal of Culture, Arts, Literature, and Linguistics) Vol 6, No 1 (2020): CaLLs, Juni 2020
Publisher : Fakultas Ilmu Budaya, Universitas Mulawarman

It occurs very often to observe the exploitation of common people by the politicians owing to leader’s bad use of absolute power and the silence of the people. It appears that knowledge and education will lead to absolute power which culminates in suffering and oppression of simple and naïve people in the Soviet Union.The language used in Animal Farm was not known by the majority and this leads to threat through different principles and laws. This enabled the leaders to exploit the others for their greedy desires and to do abnormal actions. As a result of the use of a vague language and the implementation of fear tactics then creating laws to help them to manipulate others, they could convince them and then they invented lies at the interest of leaders. Yet the others due to their simplicities were easily convinced, while power could be used to serve the entire population of the Soviet Union. The study uses historical approach for the analysis of the research.

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