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All Journal EMITTER International Journal of Engineering Technology Civil Engineering Journal
Khan, Mushtaq A.
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Civil Engineering, Building, Construction & Architecture Computer Science & IT

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Macroscopic Traffic Flow Characterization at Bottlenecks Iftikhar, Amir; Khan, Zawar H.; Gulliver, T. Aaron; Khattak, Khurram S.; Khan, Mushtaq A.; Ali, Murtaza; Minallahe, Nasru
Civil Engineering Journal Vol 6, No 7 (2020): July
Publisher : Salehan Institute of Higher Education

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.28991/cej-2020-03091543

Abstract

Traffic congestion is a significant issue in urban areas. Realistic traffic flow models are crucial for understanding and mitigating congestion. Congestion occurs at bottlenecks where large changes in density occur. In this paper, a traffic flow model is proposed which characterizes traffic at the egress and ingress to bottlenecks. This model is based on driver response which includes driver reaction and traffic stimuli. Driver reaction is based on time headway and driver behavior which can be classified as sluggish, typical or aggressive. Traffic stimuli are affected by the transition width and changes in the equilibrium velocity distribution. The explicit upwind difference scheme is used to evaluate the Lighthill, Whitham, and Richards (LWR) and proposed models with a continuous injection of traffic into the system. A stability analysis of these models is given and both are evaluated over a road of length 10 km which has a bottleneck. The results obtained show that the behavior with the proposed model is more realistic than with the LWR model. This is because the LWR model cannot adequately characterize driver behavior during changes in traffic flow.
Sustainable and Resilient Smart Water Grids: A Solution for Developing Countries Jawwad, Muhammad; Khattak, Khurram Shehzad; H. Khan, Zawar; Gulliver, T. Aron; Khan, Akhtar Nawaz; Khan, Mushtaq A.
EMITTER International Journal of Engineering Technology Vol 9 No 1 (2021)
Publisher : Politeknik Elektronika Negeri Surabaya (PENS)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.24003/emitter.v9i1.595

Abstract

According to a United Nations report, the world population will increase from 7 billion to 9 billion by 2050. Further, the water stress level is more than 70% in 22 countries while in another 31 countries it is between 25% and 70%. More than 2 billion people live in these 53 countries which are all underdeveloped. Water use has increased by 1% per year since the 1980s, so global demand is expected to rise by 30% by 2050. Thus, efficient water grid management is imperative to ensure there is sufficient water for the future. Information and Communication Technology (ICT) can be used to create smart water grids to optimize water distribution, reduce waste and leakage, and resolve quality and overuse issues. In this work, a low cost, real-time, reliable and sustainable IoT based solution called SmartTubewell is proposed for smart water grid management. It is composed of two components, a sensor node installed at tube wells and an application layer on Amazon Web Services (AWS) for data analysis, storage and processing. The sensor node is based on a Raspberry Pi with integrated current and voltage sensors and a local database. The sensor data is transmitted to AWS using a cellular (GPRS) network. A comparison between the proposed system and SCADA is presented which shows that SmartTubewell has a much lower cost. A field test with multiple tube wells in Peshawar, Pakistan indicates that this is a suitable solution for developing countries.
Co-Authors Ali, Murtaza Gulliver, T. Aron H. Khan, Zawar Iftikhar, Amir Jawwad, Muhammad Khan, Akhtar Nawaz Khan, Zawar H. Khattak, Khurram S. Khattak, Khurram Shehzad Minallahe, Nasru T. Aaron Gulliver