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Kebijakan Luar Negeri Amerika Serikat Terhadap Iran Selama Pandemi Covid-19 Assri, Bahy Chemy Ayatuddin
Jurnal ICMES Vol 4 No 1 (2020): Jurnal ICMES: The Journal of Middle East Studies
Publisher : Indonesia Center for Middle East Studies

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (397.846 KB) | DOI: 10.35748/jurnalicmes.v4i1.72

Abstract

This paper aims to analyze the United States' (US) foreign policy towards Iran during the Covid-19 pandemic. Before the pandemic era, the US had imposed sanctions on Iran, including an oil export embargo. The Covid-19 pandemic made Iran increasingly squeezed by the economic burden and again demanded the US to stop its embargo. However, the US did not revoke sanctions and even tightened the sanctions by putting several companies on the blacklist for business with Iran. The analysis in this article uses the realism approach, which considers that the actions of each country are always related to the aspects of survival and self-help that give rise to the security dilemma. This research is qualitative, and the data used are secondary in the form of documents and mass media articles. This article finds that the extension of the US’ embargo on Iran is a form of US survival in order to prevent the emergence of new nuclear power in the region, which is seen as a threat to the US.
Konflik Minoritas di Timur Tengah: Studi Kasus Konflik Etnis Kurdi Assri, Bahy Chemy Ayatuddin
Journal Of Middle East and Islamic Studies Vol. 8, No. 1
Publisher : UI Scholars Hub

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar

Abstract

This paper attempts to explain the roots of the Irak and Syria Kurdish ethnic conflict by using the analysis of the Broken Windows theory. The theory that was conceived by a criminologist named George L. Kelling and Cathrine M. Coles is trying to explain something small, if not addressed, it will cause something big. An epidemic will spread depending on the community and the environment. Just like what happened with the Kurds in the Middle East. This group received unfair treatment by the local regime, so the epidemic of freedom and having its own territory spread. A wave of resistance continues to be launched, ranging from the small to the large. Finally, something small can become a big issue, for example Kurdish forces in Iraq and Syria have trained troops and they use the chaotic environment to conduct a referendum on autonomous regions. It means something small (the Kurdish Ethnic resistance movement) that is not given much attention, then presents something big (like Kurdish forces in Iraq and Syria supported by the US to hold a referendum). Keywords: Kurdish Ethnic, Broken Windows Theory, Epidemic, Wave of Resistance Tulisan ini berusaha memaparkan tentang akar konflik Etnis Kurdi Irak dan Suriah dengan menggunakan analisis teori Broken Windows. Teori yang digagas oleh kriminolog bernama George L. Kelling dan Cathrine M. Coles ini berusaha memaparkan sesuatu yang kecil, apabila tidak diperhatikan maka akan menimbulkan sesuatu yang besar. Sebuah epidemi akan menyebar tergantung kepada masyarakat dan lingkungan. Sama seperti apa yang terjadi dengan Etnis Kurdi di Timur Tengah. Kelompok ini mendapatkan perlakuan yang tidak adil oleh rezim setempat, sehingga epidemi akan kebebasan dan memiliki wilayah sendiri tersebar. Gelombang perlawanan terus dilancarkan, mulai dari yang kecil sampai yang besar. Akhirnya sesuatu yang kecil bisa menjadi perkara besar, contohnya pasukan Kurdi di Irak dan Suriah memiliki pasukan yang sudah terlatih dan mereka memanfaatkan keadaan sekitar yang sedang kacau untuk melakukan referendum wilayah otonom. Artinya sesuatu yang kecil (gerakan perlawanan Etnis Kurdi) yang tidak terlalu diperhatikan, kemudian menghadirkan sesuatu yang besar (seperti pasukan Kurdi di Irak dan Suriah yang didukung oleh AS untuk melaksanakan referendum). Kata Kunci: Etnis Kurdi, Teori Broken Windows, Epidemi, Gelombang Perlawanan