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Tatacara Pemburuan Kapur Barus Menurut Kepercayaan Khurafat, Islamik dan Moden Abdullah, Mohamad Herman; Adam, Fadzli; Permana, Indra Martian; Muhad, Fakhratu Naimah
Islam Universalia: International Journal of Islamic Studies and Social Sciences Vol 6 No 3 (2025): Islam Universalia
Publisher : Cyber Media Indonesia

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Abstract

This study investigates the evolution of Malay camphor hunting (Dryobalanops aromatica) and the factors that have shaped its practices from the pre-Islamic period to the present. It examines how knowledge, religious beliefs, and societal changes influenced camphor hunting methods. An exploratory research approach was used, combining document analysis and field studies. Secondary data included historical texts and bibliographic research, while primary data was collected through interviews with camphor plantation owners, cultural practitioners in Barus, and botany experts from the Forest Research Institute of Malaysia (FRIM). The research identifies key changes in camphor hunting practices across three periods: pre-Islamic, post-Islamic, and modern. In earlier times, the practice was led by shamans and spiritual healers who performed superstitious rituals, including sacrifices, to seek permission from forest spirits. However, with the spread of Islam, camphor hunting evolved. The Islamic approach emphasized tauhid (the oneness of God), replacing superstitious practices with prayers and salutations to Prophet Muhammad (PBUH). This shift marked a move away from rituals that involved blood sacrifices or idol worship. In modern times, the scientific approach to camphor hunting focuses on understanding the ecology, classification, and sustainable management of camphor trees, promoting practices that align with environmental conservation. This approach dismisses superstition, highlighting the importance of empirical knowledge. In conclusion, while camphor hunting remains rooted in tradition, the Islamic and scientific approaches offer a more ethical, practical, and sustainable path. These changes reflect intellectual progress, aligning traditional practices with Islamic teachings and modern scientific understanding. The study also underscores that superstitions associated with camphor hunting are unfounded, further demonstrating the evolution of the practice towards a more rational and responsible approach. Abstrak Kajian ini menyelidik evolusi amalan pemburuan kapur barus (Dryobalanops aromatica) dalam kalangan masyarakat Melayu dan faktor-faktor yang membentuk amalan ini dari zaman pra-Islam hingga ke masa kini. Ia mengkaji bagaimana pengetahuan, kepercayaan agama, dan perubahan masyarakat mempengaruhi kaedah pemburuan kapur barus. Pendekatan penyelidikan eksploratori digunakan dengan menggabungkan analisis dokumen dan kajian lapangan. Data sekunder termasuk teks sejarah dan analisis bibliografi, manakala data primer diperoleh melalui wawancara dengan pemilik ladang kapur barus, pengamal budaya di Barus, dan pakar botani dari Institut Penyelidikan Perhutanan Malaysia (FRIM). Penyelidikan ini mengenal pasti perubahan utama dalam amalan pemburuan kapur barus merentasi tiga tempoh: pra-Islam, pasca-Islam, dan moden. Pada zaman dahulu, amalan ini dikendalikan oleh dukun dan penyembuh spiritual yang melakukan ritual berunsur khurafat, termasuk pengorbanan manusia dan haiwan untuk mendapatkan izin dari roh hutan. Namun, dengan kedatangan Islam, pemburuan kapur barus mengalami perubahan. Pendekatan Islam menekankan tauhid (keesaan Tuhan), menggantikan amalan khurafat dengan doa dan selawat ke atas Nabi Muhammad (SAW). Perubahan ini menandakan peralihan daripada ritual pengorbanan darah atau penyembahan berhala. Pada zaman moden, pendekatan saintifik dalam pemburuan kapur barus memberi tumpuan kepada pemahaman ekologi, klasifikasi, dan pengurusan lestari pokok kapur barus, dengan menekankan amalan yang selaras dengan pemeliharaan alam sekitar. Pendekatan ini menolak unsur-unsur khurafat dan mengutamakan pengetahuan empirik Kesimpulannya, walaupun pemburuan kapur barus masih berakar umbi dalam tradisi, pendekatan Islam dan saintifik menawarkan jalan yang lebih beretika, praktikal, dan lestari. Perubahan ini mencerminkan kemajuan intelektual yang selaras dengan ajaran Islam dan pengetahuan saintifik moden.
The The Differences between Malay Camphor and Chinese Camphor bin Abdullah, Mohamad Herman; Adam, Fadzli; Permana, Indra Martian; Muhad, Fakhratu Naimah
TSAQAFAH Vol. 21 No. 1 (2025): Tsaqafah Jurnal Peradaban Islam
Publisher : Universitas Darussalam Gontor

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21111/tsaqafah.v21i1.13117

Abstract

Malay camphor (Dryobalanops aromatica) has played a significant role in the economy, Malay culture, and international trade since ancient times. It has been used in medicine, religious rituals, and diplomatic relations between major empires. Known as al-Kafur in the Quran and Hadith, it was also referred to as camphor by European traders. However, after the Industrial Revolution in the 19th century, Malay Camphor became increasingly marginalized when Chinese Camphor (Cinnamomum camphora, also known as Xiangzhang (樟树)) replaced it due to its lower cost. In 1903, the production of synthetic camphor, based on the chemical formula of Chinese Camphor (C10H16O), was patented as camphor, while the chemical formula of Malay Camphor (C10H18O) was designated as borneol, leading to confusion in scientific studies, Malay scholarship, and Islamic studies. This study examines the differences between Malay Camphor and Chinese Camphor and aims to determine which type is actually referenced in the Quran and Islamic history. A qualitative approach was employed, involving a literature review, analysis of Quranic and Hadith interpretations, and interviews with historians, botanists, and cultural practitioners in Barus. The findings indicate that Malay Camphor has a more fragrant aroma, a cooling effect, refreshing, free from harm, non-toxicity, and high quality. It is also edible and can be used as a flavoring agent—aligning with the characteristics of al-Kafur in Islamic interpretation. However, trade monopolies and terminological errors have obscured its identity in modern history. This study confirms that al-Kafur in Islam refers to Malay Camphor and highlights the importance of correcting terminological errors to ensure that camphor is associated with Dryobalanops aromatica rather than Xiangzhang.
The Role of the Internet and Social Media in the Spread of ISIS in Indonesia Permana, Indra Martian; Adam, Fadzli
Halaqa: Islamic Education Journal Vol. 5 No. 1 (2021): Juni
Publisher : Universitas Muhammadiyah Sidoarjo

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21070/halaqa.v5i1.1130

Abstract

The Islamic State of Iraq and Syria (ISIS) is an organization against the background of Islamic jihad which was founded in Syria in 2014 and then brought the terror movement into war against those who disagreed with their movements including fighting Muslims in Syria. The advancement of Information Technology which gave birth to the internet and social media turned out to benefit ISIS, by spreading, recruiting, and raising funds through the internet and social media. ISIS distribution and propaganda can enter Indonesia through the internet and social media through the emergence of ISIS sites, Facebook ISIS and online bulletins and e-books online. The impact is that not a few Indonesian citizens are interested and join ISIS and even go to Syria and fight with ISIS.