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SOIL PROPERTIES AND NUTRIENT ELEMENT STATUS OF COCONUT LEAVES UNDER DEFFERENT CROPPING PATTERNS Doah Dekok Tarigans
International Coconut Community Journal Vol 4 No 01 (1988): CORD
Publisher : International Coconut Community

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.37833/cord.v4i01.212

Abstract

This study was conducted to investigate the effects of six co­conut cropping patterns on the soil properties and nutrient element status of coconut leaves. The experiments were carried out from August 1984 to May 1985 in Silang, Cavite, Philippines. Data on‑soil properties and nutrient element starus of coconut leaves were statistically analyzed in Randomized Block Design with three replications. Six cropping patterns in coconut with four species of perennial crops as intercrops, namely: banana, papaya, coffee and pineapple were used in this study. The organic matter, pH and cation exchange capacity of the soils did not differ significantly with cropping pattern although intensively cropped farms tended to have higher organic matter' and cation exchange capacity values. Nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in the top soil were significantly higher in most intensive intercropped farms, but calcium and magnesium did not vary significantly. Moisture content, waterholding capacity, bulk density and particle density of the soil did not show significant difference with cropping patterns. Likewise, the number of bacteria, fungi and actinomycetes in the soil remained statistically the same. Leaf nitrogen and calcium, in­creased while potassium decreased with intensity of cropping. Phosphorus and magnesium showed no definite trend.
Diversifikasi Usahatani Kelapa Sebagai Upaya Untuk Meningkatkan Pendapatan Petani DOAH DEKOK TARIGANS
Perspektif Vol 4, No 2 (2005): Desember 2005
Publisher : Puslitbang Perkebunan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (235.119 KB) | DOI: 10.21082/p.v4n2.2005.%p

Abstract

ABSTRAKKomoditas kelapa bagi masyarakat Indonesia memiliki peranan multiguna dan strategis, karena terkait dengan berbagai segi kehidupan. Dari segi peranan ekonomi tanaman kelapa secara nasional belum mencapai tingkat yang optimal terutama apabila dilihat dari segi pendapatan petani, pemenuhan kebutuhan bahan baku industri dalam negeri dan pendapatan devisa negara. Pendapatan usahatani kelapa yang  dikelola petani, belum mampu menunjang kehidupan keluarga petani secara layak sehingga  petani kelapa secara nasional masih hidup di bawah garis kemiskinan.  Suatu kenyataan dimana proporsi pendapatan petani hanya 20%  dari  total pendapatan keluarga. Diversifikasi usahatani secara horizontal merupakan salah satu bentuk usahatani kelapa dimana tanaman sela semusim dan tanaman tahunan atau keduanya dirakit menjadi pola usahatani campuran sehingga dalam usahatani dikembangkan  beberapa tanaman yang prospektif sebagai sumber pendapatan. Tanaman sela yang diintrodusi diseleksi berdasarkan pada peluang pasar sehingga mampu berperan sebagai sumber pendapatan yang potensial. Diversifikasi usahatani secara vertikal berarti menganeka ragamkan produk usahatani secara efisien  disertai  dengan  peningkatan  mutu  sehingga produk lebih kompetitif dan memberikan nilai tambah. Penganeka ragaman produk olahan usahatani yang berpeluang  memberikan  tambahan pendapatan antaranya pengolahan air kelapa menjadi nata de coco, pengolahan tempurung, pengolahan sabut kelapa menjadi berbagai bentuk produk seperti tali, karpet, jok mobil, kursi atau geotextile, pembuatan berbagai kerajinan tangan berbahan baku tempurung, pengolahan minyak kelapa murni (virgin coconut oil) dan pengolahan gula kelapa. Pada tingkat petani yang memiliki produk olahan yang prospektif untuk dikembangkan adalah minyak kelapa murni (VCO) dan gula kelapa. Namun demikian, pengembangan produk olahan minyak kelapa murni terbatas dapat diterapkan pada daerah-daerah sentra produksi yang mampu mendukung tersedianya fasilitas pengolahan yang sederhana, terjangkau dan peluang pemasaran produk yang dihasilkan, sedangkan produk gula kelapa mudah diproses pada tingkat petani karena tekhnik pengolahannya sederhana serta pemasaran dan harganya yang mendukung disemua sentra produksi kelapa. Pengembangan  produk  olahan gula kelapa pada tingkat petani mampu memberikan kontribusi pendapatan 69-96% terhadap total pendapatan usahatani, dan lebih kompetetif dibandingkan dengan produk olahan kopra. Hasil penelitian yang telah dilaksanakan di negara-negara produsen kelapa dunia (India, Filipina, Sri Langka) termasuk Indonesia menunjukkan bahwa penerapan diversifikasi usahatani kelapa mampu meningkatkan produktifitas usahatani dan pendapatan petani secara signifikan.Kata kunci  : Kelapa, Cocos  nucifera,  diversifikasi usahatani, peningkatan pendapatan ABSTRACTCoconut Farm Diversification As Attempt to Increase Farmers IncomeThe coconut commodity in Indonesia has multiple roles and strategic because it is closely related  to the human life nation wide. Considering the current farmer income level, the lack of fulfillment  for the demand of industry row material and the foreign exchange, it can be said that the economic role of coconut in national scale has not yet reached the optimum  level. The income  from the coconut farm are not able to support properly their family income. Diversification of farming system horizontally mean an introduction annual or perennial intercrop or both which are arranged in the same farming systems. The introduced intercrop are able to play a roles a potential  income resource. Meanwhile, the application of diversification of farming systems vertically means to broader the farm product efficiently, followed by the quality enhancement, hence, ultimately it produces more competitive product and give the value added. Furthermore, diversification  of coconut processed product that has opportunity  to give addition income, among other things, are processing of coconut water become nata de coco, processing of coconut-shell char cool, processing of the fibre for rope, carpet, car set, geotextile, handy-craft, processing of virgin coconut oil (VCO), and processing of brown sugar. At the farmers level the promising processing product to develop in Indonesia are virgin coconut oil and brown sugar. However, the development  of  virgin  coconut  oil  is  only  can be applied in the production centre area which may be able to support the availability of the simple, inexpensive processing facility and the product marketing. Whereas, the brown sugar basically is easy to make at the farmer level as the processing technique is simple, and so for the marketing  as well as the price are favorable  at all coconut production centre. Other study reported that contribution of brown sugar product was higher compared with that of copra to farmers  income.  The  development  of  brown  sugar product at farmer level was able to contribute 69-96% of the total farm income. Furthermore, the results of the research activities  in most of the coconut producing country such as India, Philippines, Sri Lanka including Indonesia showed that adoption farm diversification not only affected to the increment  farm productivity but also to the increment  of coconut farmers income.Key words :  Coconut, Cocos nucifera, farming system diversification, income increase