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Phylogenetic Relationship of Genus Microhyla (Amphibia, Anura) in Sunda Shelf including Sumatra, Java, Borneo, and Peninsular Malaysia as revealed by 16S rRNA mtDNA Gene Sequences Firdaus, Anggun; Ratih, N; Karima, I; Kusuma, A T; Suastika, N M
Bioinformatics and Biomedical Research Journal Vol. 1 No. 1 (2018): Volume 1 Issue 1
Publisher : Future Science

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Abstract

Sundaland was a single large landmass during Pliocene and Pleistocene period and consisted of Java, Borneo, Sumatra, Malay-Peninsula and others smaller island. We used 26 partial DNA sequences of the mitochondrial DNA genes 16S rRNA from taxa of Microhylidae (23 genus Microhyla and 3 outgroups) from GenBank. We aligned sequences using MEGA 5 software. Phylogenetic trees were constructed using maximum parsimony (MP) and maximum likelihood (ML) with 1000 bootstraps. Our results reveal three monophyletic clades which are not supported: clade A (all Sundaland, including M. malang, M. borneensis, M. mantheyi, M. achatina, M. berdmorei, M. superciliaris, and M. palmipes); clade B (from Borneo and Malay Penisular, including M. annectens, M. perparva, and M. petrigena); and clade C (consists of outgroup species, Metaphrynella pollicaris, Chaperina fusca, and Kalophrynus heterochirus). Clade A reveal three subclades with unresolved relationship: AI (M. malang, M. borneensis, M. mantheyi, M. achatina, and M. berdmorei), AII (M. supercilliaris), and AIII (M. palmipes). Clade B reveal two well-supported subclades: BI (M. annectens) and BII (M. perparva and M. petrigena). Our results show that phylogenetic within genus Microhyla was mostly affected by species distributions. Keywords: Microhyla, phylogenetic, Sundaland
Phylogenetic Relationship of Genus Microhyla (Amphibia, Anura) in Sunda Shelf including Sumatra, Java, Borneo, and Peninsular Malaysia as revealed by 16S rRNA mtDNA Gene Sequences Firdaus, Anggun; Ratih, N; Karima, I; Kusuma, A T; Suastika, N M
Bioinformatics and Biomedical Research Journal Vol. 1 No. 1 (2018): Volume 1 Issue 1
Publisher : Future Science

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar

Abstract

Sundaland was a single large landmass during Pliocene and Pleistocene period and consisted of Java, Borneo, Sumatra, Malay-Peninsula and others smaller island. We used 26 partial DNA sequences of the mitochondrial DNA genes 16S rRNA from taxa of Microhylidae (23 genus Microhyla and 3 outgroups) from GenBank. We aligned sequences using MEGA 5 software. Phylogenetic trees were constructed using maximum parsimony (MP) and maximum likelihood (ML) with 1000 bootstraps. Our results reveal three monophyletic clades which are not supported: clade A (all Sundaland, including M. malang, M. borneensis, M. mantheyi, M. achatina, M. berdmorei, M. superciliaris, and M. palmipes); clade B (from Borneo and Malay Penisular, including M. annectens, M. perparva, and M. petrigena); and clade C (consists of outgroup species, Metaphrynella pollicaris, Chaperina fusca, and Kalophrynus heterochirus). Clade A reveal three subclades with unresolved relationship: AI (M. malang, M. borneensis, M. mantheyi, M. achatina, and M. berdmorei), AII (M. supercilliaris), and AIII (M. palmipes). Clade B reveal two well-supported subclades: BI (M. annectens) and BII (M. perparva and M. petrigena). Our results show that phylogenetic within genus Microhyla was mostly affected by species distributions. Keywords: Microhyla, phylogenetic, Sundaland
SHALAT DHUHA DAN IMPLIKASINYA TERHADAP KEPRIBADIAN SISWA DI SD MA’ARIF PONOROGO Firdaus, Anggun; Effendi, Mukhlison
EDUKASIA Jurnal Pendidikan dan Pembelajaran Vol. 1 No. 2 (2020): EDUKASIA: Jurnal Pendidikan dan Pembelajaran
Publisher : LP. Ma'arif Janggan Magetan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.62775/edukasia.v1i2.20

Abstract

Abstract: The research at SD Ma'arif Ponorogo is motivated by the existence of several students who have not understood the meaning of Dhuha prayer holistically both technically and substantively, even though the practice of Dhuha prayer has been going on for a long time. This is very interesting to be studied in depth. This research approach is qualitative with the type of case study. The results of the study found: (1) The implementation of Dhuha prayers at Ma'arif Ponorogo Elementary School was carried out every day from grade III to VI at the NU large mosque, except for class VI, the constraints of some students were lacking, (2) students' understanding of Dhuha prayer was etymologically still, but in the benefits of students being able to feel calmness, enthusiasm in learning, focus on learning and quickly understand the material being taught. (3) The implications of Dhuha prayer on students' personality are time discipline, responsibility, and independence. Abstrak: Penelitian di SD Ma`arif Ponorogo ini dilatar belakangi adanya beberapa siswa belum memahami makna shalat Dhuha secara holistik baik secara tekinis maupun subtantif, padahal pembiasaan shalat Dhuha sudah lama berlangsung. Ha ini sangat menarik untuk diteliti secara mendalam. Pendekatan penelitian ini kualitatif dengan jenis studi kasus. Hasil penelitian menemukan: (1) Pelaksanaan shalat Dhuha di SD Ma’arif Ponorogo dilakukan setiap hari mulai kelas III sampai VI di Masjid besar NU, kecuali kelas VI, kendalanya sebagian siswa kurang, (2) Pemahaman siswa mengenai shalat Dhuha masih secara etimologis, tetapi dalam manfaat siswa mampu merasakan ketenangan hati, semangat dalam belajar, fokus terhadap pembelajaran dan cepat memahami materi yang diajarkan. (3) Implikasi shalat Dhuha terhadap kepribadian siswa adalah disiplin waktu, tanggung jawab, dan mandiri.