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All Journal Journal of Dentistry Indonesia Dental Journal (Majalah Kedokteran Gigi)
Korwanich, Narumanas
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Dentistry

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Oral Health and Related Behavior of Children Aged 9–12 with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder in Tron District, Thailand Khobkham, Duangruethai; Korwanich, Kanyarat; Korwanich, Narumanas
Journal of Dentistry Indonesia Vol. 27, No. 1
Publisher : UI Scholars Hub

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Abstract

Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a common biobehavioral childhood disorder that leads to significant behavioral problems that affect everyday life. Objective: This study aimed to compare oral health and oral health behaviors among children with and without ADHD. Methods: The study included 105 children aged 9–12 years with ADHD and 105 age-, gender-, and family income-matched children without ADHD. Clinical data as caries, periodontal health, and traumatic dental injuries were recorded by calibrated examiners. All parents of the children completed questionnaires about the oral health behaviors of their children by a single interview. Data were compared using Chi-square test, McNemar test, and Paired t-test at the significance level of 0.05. Results: The children with ADHD had significantly lower tooth brushing frequency and shorter tooth brushing duration compared with the children without ADHD. The two groups had equivalent dental trauma prevalence (1.9%). Compared with the children without ADHD, the children with ADHD had significantly more decayed, missing, and filled teeth (3.24±2.14 vs. 2.25±2.23). Therefore, 11.4% of the children in the ADHD group were caries free compared with the 30.5% in the non-ADHD group. The children with ADHD had 3.9 times the odds of prevalence dental caries than the children without ADHD. The children with ADHD had significantly higher Simplified Debris Index and Simplified Calculus Index values than the children without ADHD. Conclusion: Children with ADHD exhibited a higher prevalence of caries and periodontal problems than children without ADHD.
The effect of fluoride use, oral healthcare behavior, and water sources on the prevalence of dental caries in preschool-aged children in Thailand Korwanich, Kanyarat; Korwanich, Narumanas; Chakkrawan, Chittraphone
Dental Journal (Majalah Kedokteran Gigi) Vol. 59 No. 2 (2026): June
Publisher : Faculty of Dental Medicine, Universitas Airlangga https://fkg.unair.ac.id/en

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20473/j.djmkg.v59.i2.p148-154

Abstract

Background: Since Thailand’s government implemented a regulation allowing 1,500 ppm of fluoride in over-the-counter toothpastes, a few studies have explored behaviors related to fluoride intake in areas high in natural fluoride. Purpose: This study aims to explore toothbrushing habits, water sources used for meal preparation, and toothpaste use among 4–5-year-olds to determine how these factors influence the prevalence of dental caries in preschool-aged children in areas with naturally occurring high levels of fluoride. Methods: A self-reporting questionnaire was prepared and distributed to the parents of 304 4–5-year-old schoolchildren in the Lamphun province of Thailand. The questionnaire was designed to assess toothbrushing habits, water sources used for meal preparation, and toothpaste use among young schoolchildren. Dental caries data were obtained from the annual school record of each child. Statistical analysis was performed to test the association between oral healthcare habits and dental caries prevalence at a significance level of 0.05. Results: More than ninety-five percent of respondents used fluoridated toothpaste with concentrations of 1,000–1,500 ppm, and 57.9% rinsed their mouths thoroughly after toothbrushing (i.e., until they “felt clean”). Most parents used bottled water for drinking, mixing milk, and cooking. Significant associations were found between dental caries prevalence and the use of fluoridated toothpaste; toothpaste fluoride concentrations; and water sources used for cooking, drinking, and mixing infant formula (p < 0.05). Conclusion: Despite living in an area with naturally high fluoride levels in water sources, most children used fluoridated toothpaste to prevent dental caries and bottled water with a lower fluoride concentration for cooking and drinking. The common practice of thoroughly rinsing the mouth with water highlights the need for advocacy around proper practices to effectively maintain fluoride ions in the oral cavity.
Co-Authors Chakkrawan, Chittraphone Khobkham, Duangruethai Korwanich, Kanyarat