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Sinuraya, Salomo
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Earth & Planetary Sciences Electrical & Electronics Engineering Energy Materials Science & Nanotechnology Physics

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Modification of magnetic properties and morphology of iron oxide particles of natural sand from Rokan River through copper doping and preparation using ball milling method Gultom, Elika; Sinuraya, Salomo; Amiruddin, Erwin; Awitdrus, Awitdrus
Indonesian Physics Communication Vol 22, No 1 (2025)
Publisher : Universitas Riau

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.31258/jkfi.22.1.35-42

Abstract

The magnetic susceptibility, magnetic properties, morphological properties, and composition of iron oxide nanoparticles of the natural sand in Rokan River, Rokan Hulu Regency, doped copper and prepared by the ball milling method. Processing of the magnetic and non-magnetic particle separation was carried out using iron sand separator (ISS). The ball milling process is ground in two stages for 70 hours and 30 hours and is divided into 3 parts and doped copper with concentrations (weight%) 0 wt%, 5 wt%, and 10 wt%, called BM2A, BM2B, and BM2C products. The calculation of the magnetic susceptibility of the sample is carried out based on the values (BT) and (B0). The resulting magnetic susceptibility decreases as the percentage of copper doping increases. Vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM) shows the magnetic properties of iron oxide particles produced, namely magnetization saturation (MS) decreases, coercivity value (HC) and loop squareness (Mr/MS) grow up, and remanent magnetization (Mr) and loop area (A) varies as doping concentration increases. Morphological properties and composition of iron oxide particles using a scanning electron microscope with energy dispersive X-ray (SEM-EDX). The average measurement of particles produced decreased with the increase in copper doping given, that is 121.960 ± 47.493 nm, 119.730 ± 37.03 nm, and 84.244 ± 34.392 nm. Copper element increased with the increase in doping concentrations given which were 0.76%, 7.11%, and 8.13%, while elements O, Si, and Fe decreased.
The effect of variations in the size of milling balls on the magnetic properties and morphology of natural sand particles in the Rokan River Afriyunita, Dini; Sinuraya, Salomo; Amiruddin, Erwin; Muhammad, Juandi
Indonesian Physics Communication Vol 22, No 1 (2025)
Publisher : Universitas Riau

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.31258/jkfi.22.1.43-48

Abstract

Magnetic susceptibility, magnetic properties and morphological properties of natural sand from the Rokan river based on variations in milling ball size. Natural sand samples were put into the iron sand separator for separation between magnetic and non-magnetic particles which were then carried out in a ball milling process for 80 hours using iron balls with a diameter of 1, 2, and 3 cm. The results of the ball milling were then separated using NdFeB magnets, these products are called BM I, BM II, and BM III products. The susceptibility values generated in this study increased with increasing milling ball sizes, for milling ball sizes of 1, 2, and 3 cm the magnetic susceptibility values were 12906.293 × 10-5, 13390.387× 10-5, and 14816.736 × 10-5. The results of the VSM test showed that the saturation magnetization obtained by the BM I, BM II, and BM III products was 2.89, 2.28, and 4.71 emu/g, the remanent magnetization values obtained by 0.45, 0.35, and 0.27 emu/g and the coercivity obtained was 249.07, 263.89, and 275.85 Oe. The results of the SEM-EDX identification showed that Fe increased from 16.24% to 22.68%, while in non-magnetic elements Si decreased from 24.49% to 18.76% with an average particle size getting smaller with increasing size milling ball.
Co-Authors Afriyunita, Dini Amiruddin, Erwin Awitdrus Awitdrus, Awitdrus Gultom, Elika Juandi Juandi