<![CDATA[Background: Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) is a virus that attacks the immune system, which further weakens the body's ability to fight infection and disease. AIDS (Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome) is a condition in which HIV is already in the final infection stage. When a person has AIDS, the body no longer can fight the infection it causes. This study aims to determine the effect of peer support groups and psychosocial economic determinants on treatment compliance to people living with HIV / AIDS (PLWHA) in Sragen, Central Java.Subjects and Method: This study was an observational analytic with a case-control design. This study was conducted in Sragen from February to April 2020. The sample was selected by fixed disease sampling as many as 200 study subjects with the criteria of PLWHA. The variables observed for effect were treatment compliance to PLWHA, peer support groups, family support, perceived benefits, perceived trust, perceived threats, perceived barriers, and learning through observation (Observational Learning). Data were collected using a questionnaire and analyzed using path analysis or path analysis with Stata version 14.Results: Treatment compliance in PLWHA increased with perceived benefit (b= 1.10; 95% CI= 0.41 to 1.79; p= 0.002), perceived trust (b= 1.56; 95% CI= 0.85 to 2.27; p <0.001), peer support group (b= 0.66; 95% CI= -0.00 to 1.33; p= 0.051), family support (b= 0.97; 95% CI= 0.28 to 1.66; p= 0.006), perceived threat (b= 0.97; 95% CI= 0.28 to 1.66; p= 0.006). Treatment compliance in PLWHA decreased with perceived inhibition (b= -0.69; 95% CI= -1.37 to -0.01; p= 0.047). Treatment compliance in people living with HIV/AIDS was influenced indirectly by learning through observation.Conclusion: Treatment compliance in PLWHA is directly influenced by perceived benefits, peer support groups, family support, perceived threats, perceived barriers. Treatment compliance in PLWHA is influenced indirectly by learning through observation.Keywords: HIV/AIDS, compliance, peer support groups, psychosocial economicsCorrespondence: Yusuf Bachtiyar Lobis. Program Studi Ilmu Kesehatan Masyarakat Pascasarjana Universitas Sebelas Maret, Jl. Ir. Sutami No. 36A, Surakarta 57126, Indonesia. Email: bachtiyar03@gmail.com. Mobile: +628111388841.Journal of Epidemiology and Public Health (2020), 05(03): 348-358https://doi.org/10.26911/jepublichealth.2020.05.03.09. ]]>
