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All Journal Journal of Government and Civil Society Khazanah Sosial International Journal of Clinical Inventions and Medical Sciences (IJCIMS) International Journal of Law and Public Policy (IJLAPP) Social Sciences, Humanities and Education Journal (SHE Journal) International Journal of Educational Review, Law And Social Sciences (IJERLAS)
Chilunjika, Alouis
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Religion Humanities Decision Sciences, Operations Research & Management Economics, Econometrics & Finance Education Environmental Science Health Professions Immunology & microbiology Languange, Linguistic, Communication & Media Law, Crime, Criminology & Criminal Justice Library & Information Science Medicine & Pharmacology Nursing Public Health Social Sciences Other

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Dynamics surrounding the Implementation of the Primary Health Care Approach in Zimbabwe’s Rural Areas: The Case of Mt Darwin District Chilunjika, Alouis; Muzvidziwa-Chilunjika, Sharon R. T
International Journal of Clinical Inventions and Medical Sciences (IJCIMS) Vol 3 No 1: March 2021
Publisher : Lamintang Education and Training Centre, in collaboration with the International Association of Educators, Scientists, Technologists, and Engineers (IA-ESTE)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.36079/lamintang.ijcims-0301.162

Abstract

This research studied the implementation of the Primary Health Care approach to health service delivery in Zimbabwe’s rural areas from 2009 to 2012. The approach was launched in response to the Alma-Alta Declaration in 1978 which sought to end the inequalities in health care provision around the globe and was first adopted and implemented in 1982 in Zimbabwe. The approach almost collapsed due to the economic meltdown in the past decade but the period 2009 to 2013 marked a new economic paradigm in Zimbabwe which saw the economy being dollarized which subsequently led to the revival and the resuscitation of the health sector. It is therefore to explore the progress and the dynamics surrounding the implementation of the PHC at Mt Darwin Hospital in light of the dollarized economy. The study explores the dynamics surrounding the implementation of PHC at Mt Darwin District Hospital by particular attention to the following key elements: promotion of nutrition, sanitation, maternal and child care, immunization, treatment of common diseases and provision of essential drugs. Qualitative techniques such as face to face interviews with key informants and documentary research were used to generate data. The research findings revealed that PHC is a powerful tool in delivering health services in Mt Darwin. However, lack of material, financial and human resources have hindered the proper implementation of the PHC approach in Mt Darwin district. The study recommends multi sectoral collaboration in solving health related issues.
International Humanitarian Law and Military Intervention: Reflections on Operation Allied Forces in the Former Federal Republic of Yugoslavia in 1999 Sixpence, Pedzisai; Chilunjika, Alouis
International Journal of Law and Public Policy (IJLAPP) Vol 2 No 2: September 2020
Publisher : Lamintang Education and Training Centre, in collaboration with the International Association of Educators, Scientists, Technologists, and Engineers (IA-ESTE)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.36079/lamintang.ijlapp-0202.132

Abstract

Military intervention is a crucial tool used to compel nation states to abide by the principles of international law. The United Nations, through its Charter (Chapter VII) authorises the use of force by the UN and or regional organisations as a legitimate scheme of settling international disputes. A closer look on the majority of these interventions, however, shows that the conduct of the forces taking part in these interventions turn to violate some crucial principles of international law. Additional Protocol 1 of 1977 to the 1949 Geneva protocols provides for the regulations in terms of the conduct of forces in an armed conflict to minimise civilian carnage and injuries as well as damage on civilian objects. This paper assessed the effectiveness of International Humanitarian Law (IHL) in cases of a military intervention. The study was a case study focusing on the experiences of the North Atlantic Treaty Organisation (NATO) forces that intervened in the former Federal Republic of Yugoslavia (FRY) in 1999. The study depended on secondary sources of information. The paper reveals that forces taking part in these operations normally harm civilian population and objects beyond reasonable proportion if they do not pay attention to the details on the ground. The paper then recommends that more should be done to uphold and adhere to the provisions of Chapter VI of the UN Charter while ensuring that forces taking part in military interventions are parties to key international legislations that govern their conduct to prevent states from purposefully violate the law.
Impediments to Effective Councilor Oversight at Nkayi Rural District Council in Zimbabwe Chilunjika, Alouis; Mutema, Edson; Dube, Buhle
International Journal of Law and Public Policy (IJLAPP) Vol 2 No 2: September 2020
Publisher : Lamintang Education and Training Centre, in collaboration with the International Association of Educators, Scientists, Technologists, and Engineers (IA-ESTE)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.36079/lamintang.ijlapp-0202.137

Abstract

The paper seeks to examine and unpack the factors that are militating against councilor oversight at Nkayi Rural District Council. Councilor oversight is a crucial function for promoting and enhancing transparency, accountability, effectiveness and efficiency in Zimbabwean local authorities. Despite the existence of councilor oversight, local authorities in Zimbabwe continue to face operational, regulatory and oversight challenges. To establish the factors militating against effective councilor oversight at Nkayi, the respondents were purposively selected and the research used both primary and secondary data. The study established that low academic qualifications among councilors, councilors terms of office, political affiliation and partisanship and limited timeframes as the key impediments to effective councilor oversight at Nkayi Rural District Council.
Impediments to the Advancement of Human Rights by the ZHRC in Zimbabwe Chilunjika, Alouis; Tapfumaneyi, Nicol Tinashe; Zimano, Felistas
International Journal of Law and Public Policy (IJLAPP) Vol 3 No 1: March 2021
Publisher : Lamintang Education and Training Centre, in collaboration with the International Association of Educators, Scientists, Technologists, and Engineers (IA-ESTE)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.36079/lamintang.ijlapp-0301.163

Abstract

Zimbabwe as a member of the United Nations (UN) ratified a number of human rights treaties and the establishment of the much awaited Zimbabwe Human Rights Commission (ZHRC) which was long overdue was a generally welcome development in the human rights arena. The ZHRC is a National Human Rights Institution (NHRI) established by the Constitution of Zimbabwe (No.20) Act 2013. The Constitution mandates ZHRC to promote, protect and enforce human rights and fundamental freedoms enshrined under the Bill of Rights. The operational legal framework of the ZHRC is provided for in the Zimbabwe Human Rights Commission Act [Chapter 10:30]. In collecting data questionnaires, interviews and documentary review were used. Against this backdrop, the paper mainly seeks to explore and analyse the challenges faced by the Zimbabwe Human Rights Commission (ZHRC) in executing its mandate. Methodologically, the study relied extensively on available literature and reports. The study revealed that the ZHRC has been impeded by resource constraints, absence of legally binding laws, hostile political environment and lack of state compliance experiencing impediments which have affected its operation. The therefore study made some recommendations to help fortify and reinvigorate the ZHRC.
Public Participation and the Governance of Mineral Resources in Zimbabwe Chikova, Rangarirai; Chilunjika, Alouis
International Journal of Law and Public Policy (IJLAPP) Vol 3 No 1: March 2021
Publisher : Lamintang Education and Training Centre, in collaboration with the International Association of Educators, Scientists, Technologists, and Engineers (IA-ESTE)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.36079/lamintang.ijlapp-0301.172

Abstract

Public participation in policy issues by the locals is a crucial ingredient that guarantees the success of any policy decision, national project and public programme. Public participation should permeate every sphere of governance. In this vein, Zimbabwe is endowed with numerous mineral resources. The indigenous Zimbabwean are statutorily deemed as the owners of the mineral resources hence their participation in policy processes and spaces that relate to the governance of natural resources is pertinent. However, it was noted that the Zimbabwean population is not fully benefiting from the extraction of these mineral resources. The paper therefore explores the magnitude and essence of public participation in the governance of mineral resources in Zimbabwe. In achieving this, the paper is informed by Arnstein’s ladder of participation as the theoretical framework. In addition, data was gathered from documentary review and in-depth interviews with key informants. The study observed that public participation in respect of mineral governance can be undertaken through public hearing meetings, national budget consultative meetings and alternative mining indabas. However, the current level of participation is within the range of non-participation and lower tokenism. In addition, there is also lack of feedback and information flows in one direction from the Government officials to the citizens. The Government does not really take seriously the contributions from the public. The study therefore proffered some recommendations to enhance the levels of knowledge and participation by the public in the governance of mineral resources in Zimbabwe.
Options for Post-Election Conflict Resolution in Africa Sixpence, Pedzisai; Chilunjika, Alouis; Sakarombe, Emmanuel
International Journal of Law and Public Policy (IJLAPP) Vol 3 No 1: March 2021
Publisher : Lamintang Education and Training Centre, in collaboration with the International Association of Educators, Scientists, Technologists, and Engineers (IA-ESTE)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.36079/lamintang.ijlapp-0301.186

Abstract

Elections in most emerging democracies are generally characterised by irregularities which in turn fuel violent and non-violent expressions of displeasure before, during and after the voting excise. This paper discusses options for post-election conflict resolution with focus on African experiences since 2000. The paper holds that political and nonpolitical, local and international actors, play a dire role in ensuring that election-related insecurities are at least pacified. The paper assessed the constitutional, political and diplomatic alternatives to post- election conflict resolution. The paper goes further to examine the challenges that faced by African states in their exertion to deal with post-election conflicts. The study provides recommendations to inform the successes of the he post-election conflict resolutions in Africa. This paper establishes that most African states have lucrative legal frameworks on conducting elections and dealing with post-election unfortunate eventualities, the most compromise comes from, however, lack of political will and respect for the municipal ad international regulations. Furthermore, the paper realises that the continent, in some cases, lacks capacity and effectiveness on policy implementation to enforce electoral outcome or court rulings.
From traditional channels of service delivery to e-government: Lessons for Zimbabwe Chilunjika, Alouis
Social Sciences, Humanities and Education Journal (SHE Journal) Vol 5, No 2 (2024)
Publisher : Universitas PGRI Madiun

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.25273/she.v5i2.20832

Abstract

Information and communication technology (ICT) is perceived as a powerful tool for improving the quality and efficiency of government services. The Zimbabwean government has also recognized the importance of the digital revolution for service delivery and has already taken significant steps towards capitalising on the potential benefits that technology brings. However, progress for Zimbabwe has been slow. This study being qualitative in its approach explores the conceptualisation of e-government and the service delivery models by drawing experiences and best practices from other countries. The study relied on the extensive review of purposively selected written documents which are then analysed using thematic and content analysis techniques.  Evidence from the selected countries reveals that government commitment towards e-government initiatives is a prerequisite for sustainable service delivery. The study highlighted that Zimbabwe can draw lessons in areas of political will and good leadership, resource commitment, data privacy and security, interoperability, accessibility among others.
Gendering Political Party Financing in Nigeria: Evidence from the 2023 General Elections Sule, Babayo; Tsoeu-Ntokoane, Seroala; Chilunjika, Alouis; Lawan, Ahmed
Khazanah Sosial Vol. 7 No. 3 (2025): Khazanah Sosial
Publisher : UIN Sunan Gunung Djati

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15575/ks.v7i3.49769

Abstract

The funding of political parties during the electoral process in Nigeria is gradually undermining democratic competition, accountability, transparency and opportunities for the weak and dominated sections of the society. The legal provisions in both the 1999 Constitution and the Electoral Act 2022 unequivocally set out the ceiling on expenditure, description of legal sources of campaign expenditure, ceiling on contributions and associated penalties for violations. Unfortunately, experience, particularly in the 2015, 2019 and 2023 parliamentary elections, has shown excessive spending, breaches of the rules and impunity for violations that were not sanctioned by the relevant authorities. This study therefore examines how the party funding process has disadvantaged and excluded women from participating in elective offices, resulting in an extremely small number of women winning in the recently concluded 2023 general elections. The study is based on a qualitative-descriptive research design. Data was collected through in-depth interviews with informants and focus group discussions as well as personal observation of participants. The data collected was grouped into themes and discussed using tables, charts and empirical analyses. The study reports that women are marginalised, dominated, overshadowed and oppressed by men in Nigerian politics because of men's overspending. The study recommends, among other things, that policies, including harsh penalties, should be applied to offenders who spend beyond the limit in order to control money politics and create a level playing field.
DIGITAL HEALTH TECHNOLOGIES FOR ANTI-CORRUPTION, TRANSPARENCY AND ACCOUNTABILITY: OPPORTUNITIES AND CHALLENGES FOR ZIMBABWE Chilunjika, Sharon; Chilunjika, Alouis
International Journal of Educational Review, Law And Social Sciences (IJERLAS) Vol. 4 No. 3 (2024): May
Publisher : RADJA PUBLIKA

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.54443/ijerlas.v4i3.1643

Abstract

This paper explores the opportunities of digital health technologies as platforms that can be adopted to foster transparency, accountability and anti-corruption measures in Zimbabwe’s public health sector. Corruption in the health domain has severe consequences for quality, access, equity and efficiency of health services, and is a barrier to the attainment of Universal Health Coverage. Digital health technologies that can foster accountability, transparency, detect and prevent corruption are particularly crucial to developing countries were corruption is a huge threat. This paper, being qualitative in its approach relied on an extensive review of scholarly journals, trusted databases, websites, policy documents and newspapers that shed light on digital health technologies and their impact on corruption. The paper establishes that Zimbabwe’s public health sector is highly susceptible to corruption due to system complexity, large sums of resources involved, information asymmetry and the nature of the pharmaceutical supply chain. The study found out that digital health technologies can support anti-corruption by impacting citizen scrutiny in a number of ways including reporting on corruption, facilitating citizen participation and promoting accountability and transparency. The technologies reviewed are transparency portals, artificial intelligence, decentralized digital ledgers, and whistleblowing tools. Nevertheless, the study established that these technologies can also usher novel corruption opportunities in the health domain through the dark web and cryptocurrencies. The study concludes with some considerations for policy makers on how technologies can be harnessed to ensure that their benefits are reaped.
Analysing the Urban Housing Challenge in Harare, Zimbabwe Through the Wicked Policy Problems Framework Poshai, Leon; Chilunjika, Alouis; Intauno, Kudakwashe
Journal of Government and Civil Society Vol 8, No 1 (2024): Journal of Government and Civil Society (April)
Publisher : Universitas Muhammadiyah Tangerang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.31000/jgcs.v8i1.10976

Abstract

This article analyses how urban housing challenges in Harare, Zimbabwe have transformed into a wicked policy problem and further proposes some measures for managing this problem. The article uses a qualitative research approach in which an explanatory case study research design and key informant interviews are used to investigate how the provision of urban housing facilities has become a demanding task for the City of Harare in Zimbabwe. The study reveals how rapid population growth in Harare has escalated the demand for, and subsequent shortage of housing facilities leading to housing access complexities and persistently depreciating housing conditions in this city. The article argues that housing challenges in Harare are symptoms of other social problems such as unemployment, poverty, social inequalities, misgovernance and institutional corruption. This article proposes context-specific measures for harnessing a holistic approach that can be used for managing urban population explosions and sustainable housing provision in developing countries with Harare in Zimbabwe used as the social laboratory for analysis. This article has a practical and theoretical orientation as it proposes the measures that can be adopted to manage the wicked urban housing policy problem in Zimbabwe.Artikel ini menganalisis bagaimana tantangan perumahan perkotaan di Harare, Zimbabwe telah berubah menjadi masalah kebijakan yang buruk dan selanjutnya mengusulkan beberapa langkah untuk mengatasi masalah ini. Artikel ini menggunakan pendekatan penelitian kualitatif yang menggunakan desain penelitian studi kasus eksplanatori dan wawancara informan kunci untuk menyelidiki bagaimana penyediaan fasilitas perumahan perkotaan telah menjadi tugas berat bagi Kota Harare di Zimbabwe. Studi ini mengungkapkan betapa pesatnya pertumbuhan penduduk di Harare telah meningkatkan permintaan, dan kekurangan fasilitas perumahan yang menyebabkan kompleksitas akses terhadap perumahan dan terus-menerus memperburuk kondisi perumahan di kota ini. Artikel tersebut berpendapat bahwa tantangan perumahan di Harare adalah gejala dari masalah sosial lainnya seperti pengangguran, kemiskinan, kesenjangan sosial, kesalahan dalam pemerintahan dan korupsi institusional. Artikel ini mengusulkan langkah-langkah spesifik konteks untuk memanfaatkan pendekatan holistik yang dapat digunakan untuk mengelola ledakan populasi perkotaan dan penyediaan perumahan berkelanjutan di negara-negara berkembang dengan Harare di Zimbabwe digunakan sebagai laboratorium sosial untuk analisis. Artikel ini memiliki orientasi praktis dan teoretis karena mengusulkan langkah-langkah yang dapat diambil untuk menangani masalah kebijakan perumahan perkotaan yang buruk di Zimbabwe. 
Co-Authors Chikova, Rangarirai Chilunjika, Sharon Dube, Buhle Intauno, Kudakwashe Lawan, Ahmed Mutema, Edson Muzvidziwa-Chilunjika, Sharon R. T Poshai, Leon Sakarombe, Emmanuel Sixpence, Pedzisai Sule, Babayo Tapfumaneyi, Nicol Tinashe Tsoeu-Ntokoane, Seroala Zimano, Felistas