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Kopliku, Ditika
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Citotoxicity and Genotoxicity Screening of some Aquatic Bodies in Shkodra Region Using Allium Cepa L. test Kopliku, Ditika; Mesi, Anila; Golemi, Suzana
Mediterranean Journal of Social Sciences Vol. 3 No. 5 (2012): Special Issue
Publisher : Richtmann Publishing

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The reaction of Allium cepa (L.) genetic material to the presence of potential cytotoxic and genotoxic substances in waterenvironment was used to screen the water toxicity presence and degree of Shkodra lake, Buna and Drini rivers, by measuring onionbulbs root length (MRL), Mitotic Index (MI), Phase Index (PI) and chromosome abnormalities (CA), grown in water samples fromShiroka, Zogaj, Shegan, Kamicë, Stërbeq, Buna bridge, Bahçellek, Zues and Dajç. All parameters were compared with filtered tap watercontrol, using χ2 test. Rating of samples for MRL and MI values was decreasingly: tap water, Stërbeq, Kamicë, Shiroka, Buna bridge,Zogaj, Bahçellek, Dajç, Zues, Shegan. Only the MRL and MI values of Dajç, Zues and Shegan were significant (p<0.05), compared totap water. Most frequent CA types were: stickiness, bridges and fragments. Rating of samples for CA was increasingly: tap water,Kamicë, Stërbeq, Buna Bridge, Shiroka, Dajç, Bahçellek, Zogaj, Shegan, Zues. The number of abnormal dividing cells was significant(p<0.05) in: Dajç, Bahçellek, Zogaj, Shegan, Zues. It was noticed high level of CA rate (genotoxity) in water sample of Zogaj, whichcould not be screened by cytotoxic examinations (MRL and MI). The results indicated a slight water pollution in Dajç, Shegan, Bahçellek,Zogaj and Zues samples, serving as a first alert of chemical pollution environmental impact, even in low concentrations. Deeper andlarger scaled monitoring network, using bioassays, has to be done in Shkodra region to protect ecosystems, biota and humans.
The use of Higher Plants as Bio-Indicators of Environmental Pollution – A New Approach for Toxicity Screening in Albania Dizdari, Anila Mesi; Kopliku, Ditika; Golemi, Suzana
Mediterranean Journal of Social Sciences Vol. 3 No. 8 (2012): Special Issue
Publisher : Richtmann Publishing

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The purpose of this paper was to give an information review of some higher plants as: Allium cepa, Tradescantia genus, Viciafaba, Pisum sativum, Zea mays, Nicotiana tabacum, Lycopersicon esculentum, Lemna minor, etc., which can be properly used as bioindicatorsfor assessing and predicting pollution toxicity and environmental changes in Albania. Plants, apart their structure andmetabolic priorities, can give essential information and data about the potential toxicity of substances, even when exposed in short termand low concentrations. They offer advantages against animals as bioindicators, because of the low cultivation cost, easier maintenance,ethically and esthetically acceptable handle. The plant assays can: be carried out under a wide range of environmental conditions, giveaccess to the cito/genotoxic potential of known/unknown simple substances or even complex mixtures (present in water, soil and air) andhave shown correlations with cytogenetic assays in mammals. In many sensitive species chemicals induce specific morphological andphyiological changes. Sometimes the same plant species may act as both indicator and accumulator for a special pollutant. Plants aredirect recipients of agro-toxics and therefore important material for environmental monitoring of places affected by such pollutants. Allabove mentioned higher plants are part of Albanian wild and cultivated vegetation, so as a conclusion plant toxicity screening methodscan provide a new approach, potentially applicable in Albania as a developing country, where chemical pollution monitoring is reallyexpensive. Additionally simple plant bio-tests can be included in Albanian curricula.
Co-Authors Dizdari, Anila Mesi Golemi, Suzana Mesi, Anila