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The Challenges of Saving Mothers from Childbirth-Related Injuries and Deaths in Nigeria James, Godswill
Mediterranean Journal of Social Sciences Vol. 4 No. 1 (2013): January 2013
Publisher : Richtmann Publishing

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Abstract

Nigeria’s national maternal mortality rate is estimated at 545 per 100,000 live births in 2008. Despite the decrease compared toprevious rate of 800 per 100,000 live births in 2005 it is still high, and presents a picture of maternal health status of thecountry. Nigerian government has embarked on programmes to reduce maternal mortality such as, Midwife Service Scheme(MSS) aimed at achieving the fifth Millennium Development Goals (MDG) for increased maternal health and survival. However,the achievement made so far is low as annual percentage decline in maternal mortality ratio from 1990-2008 was 1.5%compared to the targeted 5.5%. In addition, maternal deaths and lifetime risk is high as a woman’s chance of dying frompregnancy and childbirth in Nigeria is 1 in 13, while it is 1 in 5000 in developed nations. Against the backdrop of the worseningstate of maternal health in Nigeria, this paper examines the crucial challenges militating against efforts at saving mothers fromchildbirth-related injuries and death in Nigeria. Relying mainly on secondary data, the author contends that maternal health is afunction of significant and complex underlying interaction of socio-cultural and environmental factors. It is argued that socioculturalcontext within which Nigerian people live affects their ideas, decisions and behavior concerning maternal deaths; itaffects what people know about pregnancy and delivery, what preparations they make and what they do about life-threateningcomplications and it ultimately poses challenges on maternal health in Nigeria.
Assessment of the Administration and Practice of Juvenile Justice System in Abuja, Nigeria James, Godswill
Mediterranean Journal of Social Sciences Vol. 4 No. 1 (2013): January 2013
Publisher : Richtmann Publishing

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Abstract

No social group seems to bear the direct brunt of economic crises like children and young persons. Because of their vulnerablenature, some of them resort to different forms of deviant activities, which bring them in conflict with the law. As a result, there isa range of laws at the international and local levels which set standard practice as it concerns juvenile offenders. However, thepractice of juvenile justice system in Nigeria tends to be at variance with these laws. This study examines the practice ofjuvenile justice system in Nigeria, with the view to assessing the effort of government in the administration and control ofjuvenile delinquency in line with established standard in Federal Capital Territory, Abuja. The study used structuredquestionnaires to elicit information from the respondents. Findings reveal that there exist laws to protect the rights andconditions of juveniles, but these laws do not adequately conform to international standard. Juveniles are subjected to poorconditions in police and prison cells; they are poorly fed, subjected to verbal and physical abuses, and not separated from adultprisoners. The study concludes that Nigerian juvenile justice administration needs to be reviewed and properly coordinated toreflect international rules and standards for the treatment of juvenile offenders.