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FDI, Trade and Economic Development in Pakistan Afzal, Muhammad; Ahmad, Shoaib
Quantitative Economics and Management Studies Vol. 1 No. 6 (2020)
Publisher : Yayasan Ahmar Cendekia Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (347.471 KB) | DOI: 10.35877/454RI.qems222

Abstract

This paper examined the relationship between FDI, imports, exports, terms of trade and investment in Pakistan for the period 1990-2015. Results show that an increase in all these factors will contribute significantly to FDI flows that may help the Pakistan’s economy. FDI has negative and significant impact on GDP. Exports have an insignificant effect that may imply that historically economy had led exports more than the exports led the economy. More important fact is that world economic conditions play a crucial role in the macroeconomic performance. When these conditions are favorable, not only the economy but also the trade grow. Though global financial crisis did not seriously affect Pakistan’s economy, Pakistan faced multifaceted challenges on external and internal fronts notably fight against extremism, energy crisis and uncertain external inflows. There is a need to pay more attention to domestic situation than to look abroad for financial assistance since FDI is not an unmixed blessing.
Comparative Removal of Chromium Cr(VI) from Wastewater by Sawdust and Activated Charcoal Derived from Acacia and Sheesham Wood Ahmad, Shoaib; Haider, Bilal; Ahmad, Hafiz Bilal; Shafeeq, Amir
Chemical Engineering Journal Storage (CEJS) Vol. 4 No. 6 (2024): Chemical Engineering Journal Storage (CEJS)-December 2024
Publisher : LPPM Universitas Malikussaleh

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.29103/cejs.v4i6.19191

Abstract

This study investigates the removal of Chromium (VI) (Cr(VI)) ions from simulated wastewater using various adsorbents. The experiment employs unmodified sawdust (UMSD) and modified sawdust (MSD), along with activated charcoal (AC) derived from Acacia and Sheesham (Dalbergia Sissoo) wood. Batch experiments were conducted to assess the impact of several parameters including solution pH, adsorbent dosage (g/250 mL), contact time (minutes), and initial Cr(VI) concentration (ppm) on Cr(VI) adsorption at room temperature and pressure. SEM along with EDX as well as FTIR were used to analyze the adsorbent surface chemistry. The results revealed that AC exhibited the maximum Cr(VI) removal efficiency (90%) from the simulated wastewater due to its larger surface area as compared to UMSD (55%) and MSD (78%). Models of Freundlich and Langmuir isotherms were used to assess the adsorption process. Analysis of the model constants indicated that the Freundlich isotherm better described the experimental data for all adsorbents, as evidenced by the high correlation coefficient (R² = 0.99).