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All Journal Silvarum Asia Pacific Journal of Interdisciplinary Studies
Kalangi, Josephus
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Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry Humanities Decision Sciences, Operations Research & Management Environmental Science Health Professions Social Sciences

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Distribusi Hujan Pada Pohon Nantu (Palaquium Sp.), Pala (Myristica fragrans), Cengkeh (Syzygium aromaticum) di Desa Warembungan, Kab. Minahasa Sapan, Hagi; Rombang, Johan; Kalangi, Josephus
Silvarum Vol. 3 No. 2 (2024): Silvarum
Publisher : Fakultas Pertanian, Universits Sam Ratulangi, Manado

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.35791/sil.v3i2.49759

Abstract

Interception is the process when rainwater falls on the surface of the vegetation above the ground, is held for a while, and is then evaporated back into the atmosphere or absorbed by the vegetation. There are two types of components that make up rainwater intercept by plants, namely stem flow and throughfall. This study aims to measure the value of rain intercept, canopy escape, and stem flow of nantu, nutmeg, and clove trees in the plantation area of ​​Waremungan Village, Kec. Pineleng, Kab. Minahasa. The method used in this research is quantitative comparative by comparing the differences in the observations. The study used 3 (three) species, namely nantu, nutmeg, and clove trees with each repeated 5 (five) times so that 15 (fifteen) experimental units were obtained with an observation period of 10 (ten) times then processed using t-value analysis. The results showed that the distribution of rainfall in terms of intercept, stem flow, and crown escape on clove, nutmeg, and nantu trees was not significantly different.
Erosion and Sedimentation Analysis of the Sario Sub-Watershed, Manado City, North Sulawesi: A USLE-GIS Approach Pangemanan, Dimas; Walangitan, Henki; Kalangi, Josephus; Saroinsong, Fabiola
Asia Pacific Journal of Interdisciplinary Studies Vol. 2 No. 1 (2026): Asia Pacific Journal of Interdisciplinary Studies
Publisher : Yayasan Bina Lentera Insan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.57207/phbnhv59

Abstract

The Sario Sub-Watershed is a densely populated urban catchment in Manado City, North Sulawesi, that drains directly into Manado Bay and is prone to recurring floods and riverbed siltation. This study analyzed the rate of soil erosion and the amount of sediment reaching the Sario River in the downstream part of the sub-watershed, an area not yet specifically assessed by earlier studies covering the whole Sario watershed. Erosion was estimated using the Universal Soil Loss Equation (USLE) integrated with a Geographic Information System (GIS), combining rainfall erosivity (R), soil erodibility (K), slope length and steepness (LS), land cover (C), and conservation practice (P) factors derived from ten years (2015-2024) of rainfall data, soil and land-cover maps, and a Digital Elevation Model. The resulting sediment yield delivered to the river was then estimated using the Sediment Delivery Ratio (SDR) of Auerswald (1992) and the Boyce method. Results show a total annual erosion of 715,436.74 tons across 1,207.10 ha, or an area-weighted average of 592.69 tons/ha/year, placing the sub-watershed in Erosion Hazard Class V (very severe) under Indonesian Ministry of Forestry Regulation No. 32/2009. Class V areas cover 596.96 ha (49.45%), concentrated on steep, densely settled terrain dominated by Eutric Cambisol soil. The estimated SDR of 0.291 yields a sediment load of 208,191.90 tons/year reaching the Sario River. These findings indicate that erosion and sedimentation in the sub-watershed are driven mainly by steep topography combined with low-conservation-value settlement land, underlining the need for forestry-based watershed interventions such as land rehabilitation, urban green open space development, riparian buffer strips, and agroforestry to reduce erosion, sedimentation, and recurrent flooding.
Co-Authors JOHAN A. ROMBANG Pangemanan, Dimas Sapan, Hagi Saroinsong, Fabiola Walangitan, Henki