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All Journal Jurnal Sains dan Teknologi Reaksi Jurnal Teknologi Jurnal Teknologi Kimia Unimal JURNAL REKAYASA KIMIA & LINGKUNGAN
Raihan, Raudhatul
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Chemical Engineering, Chemistry & Bioengineering Chemistry Civil Engineering, Building, Construction & Architecture Computer Science & IT Education Electrical & Electronics Engineering Energy Engineering Environmental Science Industrial & Manufacturing Engineering Materials Science & Nanotechnology Mechanical Engineering

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Tailoring the Mechanical and Antimicrobial Properties of PLA Bioplastics Through Chitosan and Citronella Oil Additives Safitri, Aida; Raihan, Raudhatul
Jurnal Sains dan Teknologi Reaksi Vol 23, No 01 (2025): JURNAL SAINS DAN TEKNOLOGI REAKSI
Publisher : Politeknik Negeri Lhokseumawe

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.30811/jstr.v23i01.7400

Abstract

This study investigates the effect of varying chitosan concentrations on the mechanical properties of polylactic acid (PLA)-based films modified with citronella essential oil as an antimicrobial agent. Characterization results indicate that the incorporation of chitosan at 3–5 wt% relative to PLA enhances the tensile strength of the material. This improvement is attributed to the formation of intermolecular hydrogen bonds between the hydroxyl groups of chitosan and the ester groups of PLA, which strengthen the film structure. However, the addition of citronella essential oil to the system significantly reduces the tensile strength. This reduction is associated with the poor compatibility between the essential oil and the PLA–chitosan matrix. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analysis revealed the presence of oil droplet agglomerations within the matrix, acting as stress concentration points that weaken the film's mechanical integrity. Such phenomena have been widely reported in PLA-essential oil composite systems. Regarding antimicrobial activity, all films containing both chitosan and citronella oil exhibited significant inhibitory effects against Staphylococcus aureus (Gram-positive) and Escherichia coli (Gram-negative). This antimicrobial efficacy is attributed to a synergistic mechanism, involving the electrostatic disruption of bacterial cell membranes by chitosan and the cytotoxic effects of citronella constituents such as citronellal and geraniol, which penetrate and damage microbial cell walls. Key words: PLA, chitosan, citronella essential oil, Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus.
PENGARUH MINYAK NILAM SEBAGAI AGEN AKTIF TERHADAP KARAKTERISTIK MEKANIK DAN ANTI BAKTERI DALAM PRODUKSI FILM KEMASAN Safitri, Aida; Raihan, Raudhatul
Jurnal Teknologi Kimia Unimal Vol. 14 No. 1 (2025): Jurnal Teknologi Kimia Unimal - May 2025
Publisher : Chemical Engineering Universitas Malikussaleh

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.29103/jtku.v14i1.24491

Abstract

Poli(asam laktat) (PLA) merupakan biopolimer yang banyak digunakan dalam pengembangan film kemasan ramah lingkungan, namun sifat mekaniknya yang kaku dan keterbatasan aktivitas fungsional membatasi penerapannya. Penelitian ini mengevaluasi pengaruh penambahan minyak atsiri nilam (Patchouli oil) sebagai agen aktif terhadap karakteristik mekanik, morfologi, serta aktivitas antibakteri film berbasis PLA. Film disiapkan dengan variasi konsentrasi minyak atsiri nilam (0.25–2% b/b) menggunakan metode hot press. Hasil uji mekanik menunjukkan bahwa penambahan minyak atsiri menurunkan kuat tarik dari 28 MPa pada PLA murni menjadi 13 MPa pada konsentrasi 2% (penurunan 54%), sementara elongation at break meningkat signifikan dari 10% menjadi 29% pada konsentrasi yang sama, mengindikasikan peran minyak atsiri sebagai plastisizer. Analisis morfologi melalui mikroskopi menunjukkan adanya dispersi minyak atsiri yang tidak homogen pada konsentrasi tinggi, yang memicu terbentuknya rongga dan menurunkan integritas mekanik. Uji antibakteri terhadap Staphylococcus aureus memperlihatkan zona hambat yang jelas pada film termodifikasi, menegaskan sifat antimikroba minyak nilam yang aktif dalam matriks PLA. Secara keseluruhan, penambahan minyak atsiri nilam tidak hanya meningkatkan fleksibilitas film, tetapi juga memberikan fungsi antibakteri yang relevan untuk memperpanjang umur simpan produk pangan
Pengaruh Laju Alir dan Material Pipa Bersambung pada SP-V PT X terhadap Analisis Profil Aliran Fluida dengan Metode Computational Fluid Dynamic (CFD) Raihan, Raudhatul; Irwan, Irwan; Safitri, Aida
Jurnal Teknologi Vol 25, No 2 (2025): Agustus 2025
Publisher : Politeknik Negeri Lhokseumawe

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.30811/teknologi.v25i2.6727

Abstract

Piping system is a system that is widely used to move fluids, either liquid, gas, or a mixture of liquid and gas from one place to another, pipes have various sizes and cross-sectional shapes. Pipe branching is widely used in piping systems in industry, mining, and drinking water distribution. Fluid flow profiles and Pressure drop in pipes are very important to know in order to design piping systems. This study was conducted with the aim of determining through simulation the factors that influence the fluid flow profile and pressure drop in the PT X connected pipe with the help of the Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) application. The software used in this study is Autodesk Inventor, Autodesk Simulation CFD. the largest pressure drop occurs in the API 5L CS Grade B sch 80 pipe material with 150 L/hour of 14.2467 Psi. while the lowest pressure drop occurs in the API 5L CS Grade B sch 40 pipe material with 70 L/hour of 11.3882 Psi, this is in accordance with the theory that explains that the smaller the diameter of a pipe, the greater the pressure drop will be, due to the difference in inner diameter between the API 5L CS Grade B sch 40 and sch 80 pipe materials. While the largest Power Density occurs in the API 5L CS Grade B sch 40 pipe material with a pipe inner diameter of 6.065 inches of 98969.15297 W/m3. While the lowest Power Density occurs in the API 5L CS Grade B sch 80 pipe material with a pipe inner diameter of 5.6377 inches of 64404.690385 W/m3.
Preparation and Characterization of Activated Carbon Made from Robusta Coffee Skin (Coffea Canephora) Raihan, Raudhatul; Setiawan, Adi; Hakim, Lukman; Muhammad, Muhammad; Arif, Muhammad; Hosseiniamoli, Hadi
Jurnal Rekayasa Kimia & Lingkungan Vol 15, No 2 (2020): Jurnal Rekayasa Kimia & Lingkungan (December, 2020)
Publisher : Chemical Engineering Department, Syiah Kuala University, Banda Aceh, Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.23955/rkl.v15i2.17618

Abstract

Indonesia is one of the coffee-producing countries where production tends to increase from year to year. Currently, residuals from coffee-fruit processing such as coffee-skin and husks are thrown away without any use and this biomass residual contains several toxic chemicals such as alkaloids, tannins, and polyphenols. One of potential uses of coffee-industry by-product is to make activated carbon (ACs), which is made through a carbonation process and followed by an activation process. In this study, chemical activation was carried out using chemical activators ZnCl2 and NaOH. The purpose of this study is to prepare and investigate the characteristics of chemically activated coffee skin bio-char focusing on the surface properties and iodine adsorption capacity. Prior to carbon activation, a purpose built pilot-scale reactor was fabricated and tested at temperatures of 400 C and 500 C. The difference in carbonation temperature and variations in activator concentration alter the absorption properties. The results showed that the coffee-skin pyrolyzed at 500 C and activated by 2% NaOH solution exhibits the highest absorption value of 720.2 mg/g. Lower absorption values were observed in any ZnCl2 activator samples. SEM-EDS analysis result suggests significant changes in composition of the ACs before and after activation. Most of impurities are gone during activation and washing. The value of C atoms increases and the pores structure of the activated carbon are expanding showing suitable properties for adsorbent.
Co-Authors Adi Setiawan Hosseiniamoli, Hadi Irwan Irwan Lukman Hakim Muhammad Arif Muhammad Muhammad Safitri, Aida