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Chowdhury, Nasrin
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EFFECTS OF LEACHING ON THE RECLAMATION OF SALINE SOILS AS AFFECTED BY DIFFERENT ORGANIC AND INORGANIC AMENDMENTS Roy, Sajal; Chowdhury, Nasrin
Journal of Environmental Science and Sustainable Development Vol. 3, No. 2
Publisher : UI Scholars Hub

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Abstract

Soil salinity, which poses one of the greatest threats to sustainable crop production worldwide, can be ameliorated through various approaches, such as leaching, mulching, and amendment application. The effects of leaching and amendments on saline soil reclamation have been studied separately, but their interaction is poorly elucidated. Therefore, a column experiment was designed with soils that were subjected to leaching with 2 and 4 pore volume (PV) of water and compared with non-leached soils (NLS) to observe the effects of leaching on saline soil and leachate characteristics under different organic (vermicompost [VC] and wood ash [WA]) and inorganic (zeolite) amendments at two different rates (1 and 2 g 100 g−1) and their combinations. Results revealed that the electrical conductivity (EC) of the soil decreased, whereas the EC of the leachate increased as the PV of water increased. Regardless of the treatments, the concentrations of sodium (Na+), potassium (K+), calcium (Ca2+), and magnesium (Mg2+) in the leachate increased. By contrast, their concentrations in the leached soils decreased as the PV of water increased. WA contributed to a significant increase (p < 0.01) in the EC and the concentrations of cations, especially K+ and Ca2+, in the soils and leachates. The higher the rates of the amendment, the greater the increment in the EC and cation concentrations. Incorporating amendments could be important sources of cations, thereby limiting the entry of Na+ into the exchange complex and facilitating leaching with percolating water. The response of spinach (Spinacia oleracea) in terms of yield parameters to 2 PV of leached soils was significantly better than that of NLS, suggesting that soil leaching could significantly influence plant functioning in highly saline soils. This study suggested that the irrigation of saline soils under different organic and inorganic amendments before cultivation might affect salt leaching and soil nutrient dynamics, thereby influencing plant growth and yield.
MICROBIAL AND ECOPHYSIOLOGICAL INDICES OF AGRICULTURAL SOILS AS AFFECTED BY DIFFERENT FARMING PRACTICES IN TROPICAL MONSOON CLIMATE Begum, Gulshan Ara; Roy, Sajal; Chowdhury, Nasrin
Journal of Environmental Science and Sustainable Development Vol. 8, No. 1
Publisher : UI Scholars Hub

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Organic farming is increasingly promoted as a sustainable alternative to conventional agriculture due to its positive effects on soil microbial dynamics, a critical component of ecosystem functioning. However, empirical comparisons of microbial responses across these systems are scarce. Therefore, we conducted a study to assess the various microbial indices of soils taken from distinct crop fields (e.g., brinjal, chilli, tomato, bean, and fallow lands) managed under both conventional and organic farming techniques. Composite soil samples from surface layer (0–15 cm) were collected in a completely random way from Bandarban upazila of Bangladesh (22°11'24.0"N 92°09'00.0"E, organic fields; 22°10'12.0"N 92°09'36.0"E, conventional fields). After 10-days of pre-incubation at 60% of water holding capacity (WHC), microbial biomass carbon (MBC) and microbial biomass nitrogen (MBN) of soils were assessed by chloroform fumigation-extraction method, and key microbial efficiency indicators (e.g., metabolic quotient, qCO2; microbial quotient, qMic and mineralization quotient, qM) were analyzed. Microbial activity (MA) was measured over 60 days. The results indicated that organic farming generally supports higher MBC and MBN levels, as observed in organic chilli (585.22 mg kg-1 MBC, 92.36 mg kg-1 MBN) and organic tomato (382.07 mg kg-1 MBC, 160.84 mg kg-1 MBN). In contrast, conventional farming exhibited significantly higher MA and qCO2 values. Conventional chilli and bean fields showed particularly high qCO2 (0.26 mg CO2-C/mg Cmic h-1×10-4 and 0.08 mg CO2-C/mg Cmic h-1×10-4) and mineralization quotient values (0.80% and 0.75%, respectively). A significant (p2. Our results suggest that soil microbial abundance in conventional farming are under stress, showing low efficiency with accelerated nutrient turnover. Notably, exceptions such as higher MBC and MBN in conventional tomato and brinjal fields reflected crop-specific responses. The present study demonstrates the need for future research on microbial community structure across diverse agroecosystems.
Co-Authors Begum, Gulshan Ara Roy, Sajal