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Negotiating with the Bandits and Endless Security Challenges in Katsina State, Nigeria (2019-2020) Maigari, Muhammad Abdullahi; Dantani, Umar; Arafat, Ibrahim
JSW (Jurnal Sosiologi Walisongo) Vol 5, No 1 (2021)
Publisher : Fakultas Ilmu Sosial dan Ilmu Politik UIN Walisongo Semarang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21580/jsw.2021.5.1.7232

The paper assesses the context of armed banditry, cattle rustling, and kidnappings in Katsina State. The activities of the criminals have been on the rise and the security situation deteriorated after negotiation between the State Government and the criminals. The researchers adopted a cross-sectional study design and explanatory research type. A field survey was conducted in Batsari town and two villages: Zamfarawa and Bakiyawa. In-Depth Interviews (IDI) were conducted with some residents of the villages and some armed bandits. A non-probability sampling and snowballing technique were adopted to sample the research participants for the interviews. The study found that the Katsina State Government has not understand fully the security challenge and hence identified the wrong leaders of the criminals for negotiation, this is because there are three categories of criminals in the areas. This incensed some of the groups of criminals to intensify their attacks, kidnapping, and the rustling of livestock.

Digital Transaction: A Catalyst for Financial Inclusion and Job Creation Maigari, Muhammad Abdullahi; Yelwa, Mohammed Muson
Journal of Digital Marketing and Halal Industry Vol 5, No 1 (2023)
Publisher : Fakultas Ekonomi dan Bisnis Islam UIN Walisongo

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21580/jdmhi.2023.5.1.15001

What informed the rationale for developing this topic was the growing number of Point of Sale (POS) Agents in Katsina Metropolis and their clients/customers. The central focus of this article is to examine the role of Agent Banking which is part of financial inclusion in poverty reduction in Katsina metropolis. The researchers adopted a survey research design where data were elicited using quantitative research techniques from the targeted respondents. The data collected were analyzed and presented which revealed that there are at least twenty Post of Sale (POS) outlets located in each major street of Katsina Metropolis. The study also found that the POS has become a veritable source of livelihood for those who are into Agency Banking in the area. Additionally, the availability of POS Agents has influenced a significant population of the metropolis to adopt the use of digital systems of payment in their businesses and other financial transactions. It has revealed that the cashless policy has facilitated or accelerated the growth of digital marketing in the Katsina metropolis, entrepreneurs in the area are now selling their wares online and receiving payment via the same system which has eliminated the barriers created by time and space. The theoretical implication of the cashless policy was the unintended consequences it generated. It is referred to as the Cobra Effect during the 2033 Generation Elections in Nigeria. The decision to redesign the currency and reduce the amount of money in circulation has created more demands for cash hence luring some voters to exchange their votes for cash on election day. The practical implications of the findings of this study are twofold: The cashless policy has encouraged some of the people who are financially excluded were able to open bank accounts. It has enabled marketers to carry out financial transactions online without physical contact between the buyer and seller with the aid of electronic money payment systems.

Collateral Damages of Military Operations in Nigeria Maigari, Muhammad Abdullahi
Security Intelligence Terrorism Journal (SITJ) Vol. 2 No. 3 (2025)
Publisher : Pusat Studi Politik dan Kebijakan Strategis Indonesia (POLKASI)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.70710/sitj.v2i3.69

The paper has chronologically documented all incidences of collateral damage caused by military operations in Nigeria. From 2009 to 2025, military personnel, alongside other armed forces, were deployed to different parts of Nigeria as part of a strategy for internal security management. In the course of discharging their duty, the Nigerian forces missed their targets and their attacks hit defenceless civilians nineteen times. This research aims to identify the causal factors for collateral damage in internal security operations by the Nigerian military in Nigeria and to examine its implications. To explore redress options for the victims or their relatives. An explanatory research design is adopted to explain the episodic collateral damage that military operations cause, especially in Northern Nigeria. The findings revealed that a total of 19 episodes of collateral damage occurred in Nigeria and all in Northern Nigeria, because that is where the military has been battling with different non-state actors who took up arms against the government and those who have been kidnapping people for ransom, killing people, and stealing their livestock. Also, operational negligence was identified as one of the major causes of collateral damage in Nigeria because all of the fighter jets possessed by the Nigerian military have high definition cameras that can view images accurately regardless of the distance to the ground; hence, the operators are supposed to distinguish between armed & unarmed people on the ground. Another factor is operational recklessness because they are supposed to differentiate between settlements/villages of terrorists and non-targeted villages before launching an attack. Therefore, it is recommended that the Federal Government, which has all the armed forces in Nigeria under its control, should ensure that they are well-trained to protect civilians when carrying out air raids to avoid collateral damage at all costs. Members of the National Assembly should enact laws that specifically punish security operatives who, out of negligence or deliberately, kill defenceless civilians or non-targets of attacks during military operations.

Digital Transaction: A Catalyst for Financial Inclusion and Job Creation Maigari, Muhammad Abdullahi; Yelwa, Mohammed Muson
Journal of Digital Marketing and Halal Industry Vol. 5 No. 1 (2023)
Publisher : Fakultas Ekonomi dan Bisnis Islam UIN Walisongo

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21580/jdmhi.2023.5.1.15001

What informed the rationale for developing this topic was the growing number of Point of Sale (POS) Agents in Katsina Metropolis and their clients/customers. The central focus of this article is to examine the role of Agent Banking which is part of financial inclusion in poverty reduction in Katsina metropolis. The researchers adopted a survey research design where data were elicited using quantitative research techniques from the targeted respondents. The data collected were analyzed and presented which revealed that there are at least twenty Post of Sale (POS) outlets located in each major street of Katsina Metropolis. The study also found that the POS has become a veritable source of livelihood for those who are into Agency Banking in the area. Additionally, the availability of POS Agents has influenced a significant population of the metropolis to adopt the use of digital systems of payment in their businesses and other financial transactions. It has revealed that the cashless policy has facilitated or accelerated the growth of digital marketing in the Katsina metropolis, entrepreneurs in the area are now selling their wares online and receiving payment via the same system which has eliminated the barriers created by time and space. The theoretical implication of the cashless policy was the unintended consequences it generated. It is referred to as the Cobra Effect during the 2033 Generation Elections in Nigeria. The decision to redesign the currency and reduce the amount of money in circulation has created more demands for cash hence luring some voters to exchange their votes for cash on election day. The practical implications of the findings of this study are twofold: The cashless policy has encouraged some of the people who are financially excluded were able to open bank accounts. It has enabled marketers to carry out financial transactions online without physical contact between the buyer and seller with the aid of electronic money payment systems.

Community Watch Corps (CWCs) & The Fight Against Armed Bandits In Katsina State: An Assessment of Operational Methods Maigari, Muhammad Abdullahi; Karofi, Ishaq Usman; Madaki, Maikano
Security Intelligence Terrorism Journal (SITJ) Vol. 3 No. 1 (2026)
Publisher : Pusat Studi Politik dan Kebijakan Strategis Indonesia (POLKASI)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.70710/sitj.v3i1.80

This study investigates the modus operandi adopted by the Community Watch Corps (CWCs) in combating insecurity across six high-risk Local Government Areas (LGAs) in Katsina Central Senatorial District, Nigeria. Using a mixed-methods research design, the study combines data from 385 survey respondents and 17 Key Informant Interviews (KIIs) involving religious leaders, traditional rulers, and CWCs personnel. Employing multistage cluster sampling for the quantitative strand and purposive sampling for the qualitative, the research uncovers how CWCs operationalise community policing through coordinated strategies such as routine patrols, checkpoints, intelligence gathering, and surveillance. The findings reveal that 89.4% of respondents confirmed active patrol systems, 73.2% acknowledged the use of distress call numbers, and 81.8% affirmed intelligence collection from locals. The study also highlights the strategic collaboration between CWCs and vigilante groups, noted by 93.8% of respondents. Qualitative data further reinforces the interconnectedness of these approaches, revealing that CWCs rely on local informants, surveillance practices, and incentivised intelligence to detect and disrupt criminal activities. The study draws on Broken Windows Theory to explain how visible, community-based crime control mechanisms foster order and deter criminal intrusion. Based on the empirical findings, the study recommends that the Katsina State Government should provide the CWCs with affordable surveillance technologies such as solar-powered CCTV systems, rural reconnaissance drones, and mobile applications for anonymous tip-offs. Simultaneously, community-wide sensitisation programs should be implemented to educate the public on the functions of CWCs and promote active civilian participation in crime reporting and collaborative security efforts.

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