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All Journal JSW (Jurnal Sosiologi Walisongo) Journal of Digital Marketing and Halal Industry Security Intelligence Terrorism Journal (SITJ) An-Nisa’ Journal of Gender Studies
Maigari, Muhammad Abdullahi
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Religion Arts Humanities Economics, Econometrics & Finance Languange, Linguistic, Communication & Media Law, Crime, Criminology & Criminal Justice Social Sciences

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Journal : security intelligence terrorism journal sitj

 1 
Collateral Damages of Military Operations in Nigeria Maigari, Muhammad Abdullahi
Security Intelligence Terrorism Journal (SITJ) Vol. 2 No. 3 (2025)
Publisher : Pusat Studi Politik dan Kebijakan Strategis Indonesia (POLKASI)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.70710/sitj.v2i3.69

Abstract

The paper has chronologically documented all incidences of collateral damage caused by military operations in Nigeria. From 2009 to 2025, military personnel, alongside other armed forces, were deployed to different parts of Nigeria as part of a strategy for internal security management. In the course of discharging their duty, the Nigerian forces missed their targets and their attacks hit defenceless civilians nineteen times. This research aims to identify the causal factors for collateral damage in internal security operations by the Nigerian military in Nigeria and to examine its implications. To explore redress options for the victims or their relatives. An explanatory research design is adopted to explain the episodic collateral damage that military operations cause, especially in Northern Nigeria. The findings revealed that a total of 19 episodes of collateral damage occurred in Nigeria and all in Northern Nigeria, because that is where the military has been battling with different non-state actors who took up arms against the government and those who have been kidnapping people for ransom, killing people, and stealing their livestock. Also, operational negligence was identified as one of the major causes of collateral damage in Nigeria because all of the fighter jets possessed by the Nigerian military have high definition cameras that can view images accurately regardless of the distance to the ground; hence, the operators are supposed to distinguish between armed & unarmed people on the ground. Another factor is operational recklessness because they are supposed to differentiate between settlements/villages of terrorists and non-targeted villages before launching an attack. Therefore, it is recommended that the Federal Government, which has all the armed forces in Nigeria under its control, should ensure that they are well-trained to protect civilians when carrying out air raids to avoid collateral damage at all costs. Members of the National Assembly should enact laws that specifically punish security operatives who, out of negligence or deliberately, kill defenceless civilians or non-targets of attacks during military operations.
Community Watch Corps (CWCs) & The Fight Against Armed Bandits In Katsina State: An Assessment of Operational Methods Maigari, Muhammad Abdullahi; Karofi, Ishaq Usman; Madaki, Maikano
Security Intelligence Terrorism Journal (SITJ) Vol. 3 No. 1 (2026)
Publisher : Pusat Studi Politik dan Kebijakan Strategis Indonesia (POLKASI)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.70710/sitj.v3i1.80

Abstract

This study investigates the modus operandi adopted by the Community Watch Corps (CWCs) in combating insecurity across six high-risk Local Government Areas (LGAs) in Katsina Central Senatorial District, Nigeria. Using a mixed-methods research design, the study combines data from 385 survey respondents and 17 Key Informant Interviews (KIIs) involving religious leaders, traditional rulers, and CWCs personnel. Employing multistage cluster sampling for the quantitative strand and purposive sampling for the qualitative, the research uncovers how CWCs operationalise community policing through coordinated strategies such as routine patrols, checkpoints, intelligence gathering, and surveillance. The findings reveal that 89.4% of respondents confirmed active patrol systems, 73.2% acknowledged the use of distress call numbers, and 81.8% affirmed intelligence collection from locals. The study also highlights the strategic collaboration between CWCs and vigilante groups, noted by 93.8% of respondents. Qualitative data further reinforces the interconnectedness of these approaches, revealing that CWCs rely on local informants, surveillance practices, and incentivised intelligence to detect and disrupt criminal activities. The study draws on Broken Windows Theory to explain how visible, community-based crime control mechanisms foster order and deter criminal intrusion. Based on the empirical findings, the study recommends that the Katsina State Government should provide the CWCs with affordable surveillance technologies such as solar-powered CCTV systems, rural reconnaissance drones, and mobile applications for anonymous tip-offs. Simultaneously, community-wide sensitisation programs should be implemented to educate the public on the functions of CWCs and promote active civilian participation in crime reporting and collaborative security efforts.
Co-Authors Abubakar, Auwal Ibrahim Arafat, Ibrahim Dansabo, Muhammad Tasiu Dantani, Umar Karofi, Ishaq Usman Lama, Alma Vorfi Madaki, Maikano Yelwa, Mohammed Muson