Mia, Md. Tuhin
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The Right to Nationality and Repatriation under International Law: A Study on Biharis in Bangladesh Islam, Mohammed Tahmidul; Mia, Md. Tuhin; Islam, Mazharul
JILS (Journal of Indonesian Legal Studies) Vol 6 No 2 (2021): Indonesian Legal Thoughts Amid Various World Legal Thoughts
Publisher : Universitas Negeri Semarang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15294/jils.v6i2.50499

Abstract

This article aims to examine the legal position of Biharis in Bangladesh and their status in international law. It also reiterates the position of the international community, repatriation rights and judicial decisions on Bihari issues. Despite giving the citizenship rights to the Biharies in Bangladesh many of them did not renounce their Pakistani citizenship and actively refused to integrate with majority Bengalis. Therefore, the Bihari people’s right to get into Pakistan, their homeland, is an internationally recognized right having the force of customary international law. The article is based on secondary data materials. The key sources of this article include textbooks, journal articles, daily newspapers and online documents. The study has also relied on international instruments and decided cases of Apex Court of Bangladesh and Pakistan. The article found that Pakistan has violated and continues to violate the Biharis international right to get into their state of nationality by refusing repatriation. Besides, the new generations of stranded Biharis have mostly rejected their forefather’s stances and ideologies. Hence, the government should give them full opportunity to educate themselves to become productive citizens of Bangladesh.
Environmental Vulnerability and the Application of Green Criminology in Bangladesh: Examining Legal Gaps and Social Justice MIA, Md. Tuhin; Hamide, Md. Shamim; Huda, Md. Nazmul
Mimbar Hukum Vol 37 No 2 (2025): Mimbar Hukum
Publisher : Faculty of Law, Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/mh.v37i2.20661

Abstract

Abstract Green criminology provides a critical framework for understanding environmental harm as both a legal and social injustice, especially in regions disproportionately affected by climate change. In the context of Bangladesh—where ecological degradation intersects with poverty, displacement, and state inaction—this study examines how existing environmental laws and regulatory mechanisms fall short of protecting vulnerable communities and ecosystems. Using a qualitative methodology grounded in criminological and legal analysis, the paper interrogates the structural weaknesses in Bangladesh’s environmental governance, highlighting enforcement gaps, policy ambiguities, and the marginalization of affected populations in decision-making processes. Rooted in the principles of green criminology, this model envisions a justice system that goes beyond punitive responses to embrace sustainability, inclusiveness, and ecological accountability. The study ultimately demonstrates how criminological theory can inform a more holistic and equitable approach to environmental law in Bangladesh. Abstrak Green criminology menyediakan kerangka kritis untuk memahami kerusakan lingkungan sebagai ketidakadilan yang bersifat hukum sekaligus sosial, khususnya di wilayah-wilayah yang terdampak perubahan iklim secara tidak proporsional. Dalam konteks Bangladesh—di mana degradasi ekologis beririsan dengan kemiskinan, perpindahan penduduk, dan kelalaian negara—kajian ini menelaah bagaimana hukum lingkungan dan mekanisme regulasi yang ada belum mampu melindungi komunitas rentan dan ekosistem secara efektif. Dengan menggunakan metodologi kualitatif yang berlandaskan analisis kriminologis dan hukum, artikel ini mengkaji kelemahan struktural dalam tata kelola lingkungan di Bangladesh, dengan menyoroti kesenjangan penegakan hukum, ambiguitas kebijakan, serta marginalisasi kelompok terdampak dalam proses pengambilan keputusan. Berakar pada prinsip-prinsip green criminology, model ini membayangkan sistem keadilan yang melampaui respons yang semata-mata bersifat represif dengan mengedepankan keberlanjutan, inklusivitas, dan akuntabilitas ekologis. Studi ini pada akhirnya menunjukkan bagaimana teori kriminologi dapat berkontribusi pada pendekatan hukum lingkungan yang lebih holistik dan berkeadilan di Bangladesh.