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All Journal International Journal of Islamic Business and Management Review PEKBIS
Arif, Zulkarnain
Universitas Riau
Arts Economics, Econometrics & Finance Education Social Sciences Other

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ANALISIS TRANSFORMASI STRUKTUR EKONOMI DAN PERUBAHAN PENYERAPAN TENAGA KERJA DI INDONESIA 2002 – 2019 Arif Zulkarnain; Harlen Harlen; Yusni Maulida
PEKBIS Vol 13, No 2 (2021)
Publisher : Program Studi Pendidikan Ekonomi Universitas Riau

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.31258/pekbis.13.2.105-114

Abstract

Economic transformation is an important precondition for bringing Indonesia into the group of high-income countries by 2045. The process of transforming the economic structure is actually shown not only in the decreasing proportion of the primary sector which is replaced by the secondary and tertiary sectors in the formation of GDP or GRDP but also focuses on the use of production factors, one of which is labor. This study aims to analyze the process of transforming the economic structure and changes in the proportion of workers in Indonesia and also to see the effect of economic growth and per capita income on the transformation of the economic structure and changes in the proportion of workers in Indonesia. The analysis technique used is the path analysis model which is used to analyze the direct and indirect effects of the independent variable and the dependent variable. Based on the results of the research conducted, economic growth and per capita income have a negative and significant effect, both directly on the proportion of labor and indirectly through the transformation of the economic structure. This shows that the existence of economic growth and an increase in per capita income affects or is followed by a decrease in the dominance of the primary sector (agriculture) and an increase in the dominance of the non-primary sector, namely the industrial and service sectors, both in the transformation of the economic structure and in changes in the proportion of labor.
Labor Utilization Inefficiency: A Literature Review of Studies on Underemployment and Skills Mismatch in Indonesia Zulkarnain, Arif; Haminati, Nur; Misdawita, Misdawita; Sufnirayanti
International Journal of Islamic Business and Management Review Vol. 5 No. 2 (2025)
Publisher : Asosiasi Dosen Peneliti Ilmu Ekonomi dan Bisnis Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.54099/ijibmr.v5i2.1707

Abstract

This study analyzes the issue of labor utilization in Indonesia, which is still far from efficient. The main focus is on the phenomena of underemployment and skills mismatch as the fundamental issue of labor market inefficiency. Interestingly, although open unemployment statistics show very low figures, the productive capacity of most of our workforce has not been fully drawn into the labor market. This is reflected in the minimal working hours, low productivity, and the gap between educational qualifications and professional requirements. Through a literature review that synthesizes national data and international reports, this study finds that underemployment in Indonesia is based on structural problems, such as the strong influence of the informal sector and economic inequality between regions. Moreover, the phenomenon of over-education is a clear manifestation of human capital wastage. In summary, the efficiency of the Indonesian labor market cannot be assessed solely on the basis of formal unemployment figures; closer synchronization between the education system and industry needs is required.
Co-Authors Haminati, Nur Harlen Harlen Misdawita, Misdawita Sufnirayanti Sufnirayanti Yusni Maulida