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All Journal Urban : Jurnal Seni Urban dan Industri Budaya International Review of Humanities Studies
Suyono, Seno Joko
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Arts Humanities Languange, Linguistic, Communication & Media Library & Information Science

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NGANJUK BRONZE STATUES (ARCA) ANALYSIS BASED ON THE CONCEPT OF VAJRADHATU MANDALA IN SHINGON BUDDHISM Suyono, Seno Joko
International Review of Humanities Studies Vol. 7, No. 2
Publisher : UI Scholars Hub

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Abstract

This paper wants to show the relationship between bronze statues and mandala. The object of the research is 23 small bronze statues of Nganjuk owned by the National Museum. These statues were once part of a statues collection found in the rice fields of Candi Lor, Nganjuk in 1913. Candi Lor is a temple built by Mpu Sindok. This paper presumes that these bronze statues of Nganjuk are statues that were placed on the altar during the Mpu Sindok era for ritual purposes. This paper argues that the Nganjuk bronze statues represent a certain type of mandala. The paper shows that the mandala of the statues is the Vajradhatu Mandala. For this purpose, this study is using the Vajradhatu Mandala concept of Shingon Buddhism. F.D.K Bosch in an article in 1929 mentioned the possibility of reading the Nganjuk statues based on the Shingon mandala, but he wrote about it briefly. Shingon Buddhism is a sect of Buddhism in Japan, which has been known since the 9th century to date using the Vajradhatu Mandala. Shingon founder, Kukai, studied the concept of the mandala in China. Recent studies show the concept of Vajradhatu Mandala was not only brought by Kukai to Japan but also spread to Southeast Asia, although it was later replaced by other types of mandalas.The Vajradhatu Mandala is a mandala centered on Vairocana. There is a core layer and an outer layer in the Shingon concept in the Vajradhatu Mandala. The core layer consists of 37 main pantheons and the outer layer is a layer that contains protective deities. The last layer of this outer layer is called Trailokyavijaya that consists of the incarnations of Vajrapani and several deities that have krodha’s expression. The objective of this paper is to show that the remaining Nganjuk statues owned by the National Museum have these elements: Vairocana, the Four Tathagatas, and also Trailokyavijaya.
Antara Damiens dan Pieter Erberveld: Sebuah Perbandingan “Teater” Kekejaman Suyono, Seno Joko
Urban: Jurnal Seni Urban Vol 2, No.2: Oktober 2018
Publisher : Sekolah Pascasarjana Institut Kesenian Jakarta

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.52969/jsu.v2i2.21

Abstract

The story teller’s point of view in a literary piece can demonstrate a poet’s alignment. Through the point of view, it is quite often literary piece is turned to a propaganda tool for a poet to convey his/her mission and thought to influence people, especially the readers. This article discusses the character Damiens and Pieter Erberveld with two different author’s point of views using comparative method in the form of text analysis. Through the analysis of point of view and characterization, there are two different perspectives toward the character of Pieter Erberveld. The result of the analysis is that the character of Pieter Erberveld is described as treason in Malay literature, but it is the opposite when it is seen from the perspective of Japanese literary world, this character is a hero.Sudut pandang pencerita dalam sebuah karya sastra dapat menunjukkan keberpihakan seorang penyair. Lewat sudut pandang itu, tidak jarang pula karya sastra dijadikan alat propaganda bagi seorang penyair untuk menyampaikan misi dan pemikirannya untuk memengaruhi masyarakat, khususnya penikmat karya itu. Tulisan ini membahas tentang tokoh Damiens dan Pieter Erberveld lewat dua sudut pandang kepengarangan yang berbeda dengan menggunakan metode komparasi melalui analisis teks. Lewat analisis sudut padang dan penokohan, didapatkan dua pespektif yang berbeda terhadap tokoh Pieter Erberveld. Dari hasil analisis, tokoh Pieter Erberveld digambarkan sebagai sosok makar dalam kesusastraan Melayu. Sementara itu, dalam kesusastraan Jepang, tokoh tersebut dipandang sebagai seorang hero.
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