Khan, Mohammad Bilal
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Justifying the Need for Smoothing Tools by Islamic Banks Khan, Mohammad Bilal; Conteh, Seedy; Ghafoorzai, Shaiq Ahmad; Mohtashem, Mohammed Meeran Jasir; Hai, Abdul
El-Barka Journal of Islamic Economics and Business Vol. 4 No. 1 (2021)
Publisher : El-Barka

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21154/elbarka.v4i1.2446

Abstract

This paper focuses on the positive impacts of using smoothing tools such as Profit Equalisation Reserve or PER and Investment Risk Reserve or IRR to smoothen the rate of return or profit on investments to investment account holders (IAH) of Islamic financial institutions (IFIs). Since the goal of introducing PER and IRR into Islamic banks is to compete with the conventional banking industry, it is a shield used by Islamic banks to protect their risks such as displaced commercial risk (DCR), withdrawal risk (WR), and reputation risk. This is a qualitative review of the positive impacts of using smoothing tools in Islamic financial institutions. One of the major issues highlighted is Islamic banks' sensitivity to the conventional interest rate changes because many Islamic banking products are benchmarked against the conventional interest rate. Moreover, the limited techniques and instruments available to mitigate the rate of return risk also need the regulators' serious attention. Before the use of smoothing tools was restricted by BNM, Islamic banks were allowed to save up until 15% from profit gain. However, in certain circumstances, BNM has allowed IB’s to save up to 30% from profit gains. Hence, smoothing tools like PER and IRR enabled Islamic banks to be competitive and manage their unique risks. This research is focused on the positive aspects of using smoothing tools (STs) and does not cover the negative aspects from the Shari’ah, legal or corporate governance point of view. Since the abandonment of smoothing tools by IFI’s after the instructions of Bank Negara Malaysia (BNM) in 2014, there has not been much debate about the benefits of using STs. Therefore, this paper might provide a spark required to re-ignite the whole debate once again.  Penelitian ini berfokus pada dampak positif dari penggunaan alat pemulusan seperti Profit Equalization Reserve (PER) dan Investment Risk Reserve (IRR) untuk memperlancar tingkat pengembalian atau keuntungan investasi kepada investment account holders (IAH) dari Islamic financial institutions (IFIs). Karena tujuan memperkenalkan PER dan IRR ke bank syariah adalah untuk bersaing dengan industri perbankan konvensional, itu adalah perisai yang digunakan oleh bank syariah untuk melindungi risiko mereka seperti displaced commercial risk (DCR), withdrawal risk (WR), dan reputation risk. Penelitian Ini menggunakan tinjauan kualitatif tentang dampak positif penggunaan alat pemulusan di lembaga keuangan Islam. Salah satu isu utama yang disoroti adalah sensitivitas bank syariah terhadap perubahan suku bunga konvensional karena banyak produk perbankan syariah yang dibandingkan dengan suku bunga konvensional. Selain itu, keterbatasan teknik dan instrumen yang tersedia untuk memitigasi risiko tingkat pengembalian juga perlu mendapat perhatian serius dari regulator. Sebelum penggunaan alat pemulusan dibatasi oleh BNM, bank syariah diperbolehkan menabung hingga 15% dari perolehan keuntungan. Namun, dalam keadaan tertentu, BNM mengizinkan IB untuk menghemat hingga 30% dari perolehan keuntungan. Oleh karena itu, alat pemulusan seperti PER dan IRR memungkinkan bank syariah menjadi kompetitif dan mengelola risiko unik mereka. Penelitian ini difokuskan pada aspek positif dari penggunaan smoothing tools (STs) dan tidak mencakup aspek negatif dari sudut pandang syari'ah, hukum atau tata kelola perusahaan. Sejak ditinggalkannya alat pemulusan oleh IFI setelah instruksi Bank Negara Malaysia (BNM) pada tahun 2014, tidak banyak perdebatan tentang manfaat penggunaan STs. Oleh karena itu, tulisan ini mungkin memberikan percikan yang diperlukan untuk menyalakan kembali seluruh perdebatan sekali lagi.
A Study on the Need for VBI in Malaysian Islamic Financial Industry and its Shari'ah Perspective Khan, Mohammad Bilal
El-Barka Journal of Islamic Economics and Business Vol. 4 No. 2 (2021)
Publisher : El-Barka

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21154/elbarka.v4i2.2616

Abstract

The purpose of this paper is to highlight the need for Value-Based Intermediation (VBI) in Malaysia introduced by Bank Negara Malaysia (BNM) in March 2018, under the guidance of Shari'ah Advisory Council (SAC), which is the decisive authority in matters relating to Shari'ah, analyse the aim of VBI against that of SDGs in the light of Maqasid al-Sahri'ah, and to assess VBI from the perspective of Shari'ah. The growth of Islamic banking in Malaysia experienced a boost where the market share of Islamic banking assets grew from 7.1% in 2010 to 28% in 2016, but there has been a decline in Islamic finance's annual growth from 24.2% in 2011 to only 8.2% in 2016. There could be various reasons for this decline, such as maintaining a steady growth requires constant innovation in the products and services offered. However, innovation becomes difficult in case of IFIs, since they have to comply with legal and Shari'ah rules at the same time. Qualitative method of study is used for this paper.  It is found in the study that VBI not only conforms with the principles of Shari'ah but also re-focuses IFIs to achieve the objectives of Shari'ah or fulfill Maqasid al-Shari'ah. The study also found that VBI is also in line with the SDGs, which are human-made goals presented to the world by United Nations around 2012. However, while SDGs are prone to changes and criticism, the objectives, or goals of Shari'ah are holistic, permanent, and divine. VBI is a concept applicable only in Malaysia's Islamic Finance Industry until the time this paper is written, and therefore, it focuses only on the Malaysian IFI. There is a need to understand why VBI was needed in Malaysian IFI despite each Islamic bank having their own Shari'ah committee and SAC of BNM and this paper will help develop that understanding.