Claim Missing Document
Check
Articles

Found 6 Documents
Search

Challenges and Triumphs of Democratisation in Mongolia Chatterjee, Souvik
Hasanuddin Journal of International Affairs Vol. 4 No. 2 (2024)
Publisher : Department of International Relations, Hasanuddin University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.31947/hjirs.v4i2.36190

Abstract

The major socio-political change in Mongolia was the change of political system from one-party socialist to multi-party democracy in 1990s. The political liberalisation of ideas- the change of economic system, inauguration of the new constitution in 1992 and the first ever free parliamentary elections are the key features of the Mongolia’s Democratic revolution. The importance of researching democratic consolidation in Mongolia can be underscored in several keyways. Firstly, Mongolia serves as an exemplary case of a nation that has transitioned positively towards democracy in a global landscape where democracy often remains an outlier rather than the norm. From the events that Mongolia had to overcome and the knowledge that was gained, there is much to learn on how democratisation processes could be maintained in transitional societies. Qualitative research approach is fitting for this study since it enables the researcher to gain an insight into subjective experiences as well as perceptions of those who are either involved in or affected by a democratic transition in Mongolia. Findings of this research highlights Mongolia's democratisation process both possibilities as well as difficulties involved. Mongolia has done fairly well in terms of institutionalising democracy, but numerous challenges are still persistent which require continuous attention and concerted efforts being made towards addressing them. By introducing strategic reforms, endorsing comprehensive development, fostering transparency culture and nurturing a sense of accountability within state institutions Mongolia can reinforce further consolidation of its democratic gains.
Democratic Conundrum: Introspecting Complexities and Dynamics in Pakistan's Political Landscape Chatterjee, Souvik
Religion and Policy Journal Vol. 1 No. 2 (2023): Religion and Policy Journal
Publisher : FISIP UIN Sunan Gunung Djati Bandung

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15575/rpj.v1i2.627

Abstract

Research Problem: This research aims to explore the main obstacles hindering Pakistan's democratic transition, including weak economic policies, structural imbalances, and military interference, all of which have led to insecurity, conflict, and the oppression of civilian rule. In addition, this research also aims to understand Pakistan's political culture which combines autocratic and democratic ideologies, as well as how political satisfaction with different regimes impacts the acceptance of military regimes and the inability of marginalized groups to express their opinions under authoritarian rule. Research purposes: The aim of this research is to identify and analyze the main challenges facing Pakistan's democracy, including issues of partisanship and segregation practices, as well as to understand historical and current issues that can help identify changes needed to strengthen democracy in Pakistan. Research methods: This research uses a descriptive-analytical approach by collecting data through literature reviews and analysis of official documents, such as government reports and international agency reports. Interdisciplinary analysis is used to understand the impact of historical and socio-cultural factors on the development of democracy in Pakistan. Results and Discussion: The research results show that the main challenges to Pakistan's democracy include fraudulent electoral processes, political centralization, segregation, and biased party politics. The lack of a dynamic civil society and military domination of civilian government are contributing factors to the failure of democracy in Pakistan. Discussions of history and current issues also provide insight into the changes needed to improve democracy in the country. Research Implications and Contributions: This research has important implications for policymakers and stakeholders interested in improving democracy in Pakistan. By understanding and identifying the challenges faced, this research can provide guidance for developing appropriate strategies and measures to strengthen democracy and promote political inclusion in Pakistan.
Beyond borders: Navigating non-traditional security challenges in Central Asia Chatterjee, Souvik
Indonesian Journal of Social Sciences Vol. 16 No. 2 (2024)
Publisher : Universitas Airlangga

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20473/ijss.v16i2.54372

Abstract

Since the end of the Cold War, non-traditional security threats have been a significant concern for five post-communist Central Asian powers, namely Kyrgyzstan, Uzbekistan, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, and Kazakhstan. Security strategy for Central Asian powers remains predominantly entrenched in hard or military-oriented security. However, the contemporary challenges to regional security in Central Asia are related to human security stemming from the growth of transnational criminal groups, illegal immigration, water security, climate change, and others. Determining how non-traditional threats have impacted regional stability in Central Asia is, thus, the primary objective of this research. The descriptive method, a prominent social research method, sheds light on the recurrent pattern and meaning of complex security issues affecting CARs. The data is collected both from primary and secondary sources such as government reports, e-resources, news articles, journal articles, and others, to facilitate a deeper understanding of the different dimensions of security issues. By juxtaposing both data, this article highlights the interlink between traditional and non-traditional security challenges. The findings of this study suggest that Central Asian republics are required to become more resilient to shocks from the inside and avoid state failure. Sustainable development strategies must be embraced by governments with support from major powers such as Russia, China, and the US to lessen the political unrest, violence, and conflicts.
Energy Security in Mongolia: Current Trajectory and Future Prospects Chatterjee, Souvik; Baitha, Subhash Kumar
The Indonesian Journal of Social Studies Vol 4 No 2 (2021): December
Publisher : Universitas Negeri Surabaya

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.26740/ijss.v4n2.p40-48

Abstract

Mongolia is a landlocked country situated between two powerful neighbors Russia to the north, China to the south. Due to Mongolia’s geographical positioning, the country has limited diplomatic options to showcase its power both at the global and regional levels. Thus, Mongolia was forced to initiate political and economic reforms to cope up with the post-cold war global politics. In recent times, Mongolia's unexplored and abundant natural resources are key factors of Mongolia’s socio-economic development. Yet, Mongolia is often cited as an example of a “resource curse”. Mongolia was unable to use its natural resources efficiently hence suffered from resource deficient economic, political, and social challenges. Mongolia’s geographical location and its landlocked position between China and Russia constrained Mongolia’s ambition to shift from an import-based economy to an export-oriented powerful economy in North-East Asia. However, Mongolia’s natural resources, political stability, and non-alignment approach have great potential to decrease Mongolia’s overdependence on imports from neighboring countries. Mongolia in the post-cold war era regime is adopting a diverse and multilateral approach. With a brief overview of the economic, political, physical challenges faced by Mongolia, the paper highlights the potential of Mongolia’s energy sources.
Peran tegas dan pragmatis Mongolia dalam Kebijakan Connect Central Asia India: Lintasan saat ini dan Masa Depan ke Depan Kumar, Subhash; Chatterjee, Souvik
Journal of Political Issues Vol 3 No 1 (2021): Journal of Political Issues (February - July)
Publisher : Jurusan Ilmu Politik Universitas Bangka Belitung

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.33019/jpi.v3i1.61

Abstract

Mongolia’s uniqueness and importance in contemporary world politics lie in its geographical situating, demography, and economy. Geographically landlocked and situated in the Eurasian intersection, Mongolia has the lowest population density of any sovereign country on the planet. Sandwiched among Russia and China Mongolia's harsh environment limit its economic interests. However, Mongolia's geostrategic position, unexplored energy assets, and democratic governance have expanded its importance in global politics. Because of such Mongolia holds a key position in India's Act East and Connect Central Policy to counter China's expansionist policies in North-East Asia. With regards to India-Mongolia relations, the two nations share a rich historical legacy. Tibetan Buddhism the most prevailing religion in Mongolia makes social linkages, Democracy solidified further connections between India and Mongolia. Because of these old and profoundly established linkages, India-Mongolia are 'spiritual neighbors'. However, China still has an overreaching control over Mongolia’s trade, commerce, and other sectors. China also dominates intra-regional trade in North-East Asia. Under India’s Connect Central Asia India attempts to counter Chinese encirclement by delving into close strategic, economic, and energy relations with China's neighbors like Mongolia and CAS. However, the achievement or failure of India's Connect Asia Policy will depend upon India's political as well as its diplomatic will to transform India's interest in regional integration in reality.
Impacts of Covid-19 on Migrants and Refugees Baitha, Subhash Kumar; Tyagi, Rinkal; Chatterjee, Souvik
Journal of Political Issues Vol 4 No 1 (2022): Journal of Political Issues (February - July)
Publisher : Jurusan Ilmu Politik Universitas Bangka Belitung

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.33019/jpi.v4i1.76

Abstract

Since the 1970s, in the aftermath of new social movements, the concept of refugees and migration in international politics has dominated both the academic discipline and public debates. According to the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees, more than 82.4 million people worldwide were forcibly displaced from their homes by the end of 2020, either as internally displaced persons (IDPs) or as refugees, as a result of violent conflict, persecution, famine, or natural disasters. Even in normal times, the lives of refugees and migrants are fraught with difficulties, but in the midst of an pandemic like Covid-19, this problem has taken on new dimensions. The only way to avoid the pandemic is to take precautions and maintain a safe distance from one another. These precautions are extremely difficult for refugees and migrants to take amidst a global pandemic. Keeping in mind the international efforts and the problems faced by refugees and migrants, this paper is an attempt to comprehend the challenges faced by refugees and migrants during Covid-19 and what global efforts have been made to mitigate the pandemic's impact on refugee and migrant life.